Abstract: Reducing CO2 emissions from the industrial sector is one of the key paths to achieving China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. In order to enrich the identification of influencing factors of industrial CO2 emissions and the contribution of each influencing factor to the elasticity of decoupling between industrial CO2 emissions and economic development, taking Anhui Province as an example and combining with the C-D production function, this paper quantitatively evaluates the main factors of CO2 emissions in the industry sector from 2006 to 2019 based on the Tapio decoupling model and LMDI model, and analyses the decoupling state between CO2 emission and economic growth, proposing energy efficiency policies accordingly. The results show that: (1) From the time dimension, except for 2013 and 2016-2018, the emission reduction effect was achieved, and the other years were not achieved. (2) Energy intensity suppressed industrial CO2 emissions, with the largest emission reduction in 2011. Technology level and capital investment promote industrial CO2 emissions. Energy structure, economic structure and labor input suppressed industrial CO2 emissions to a certain extent, especially labor input showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. (3) There are four decoupling states between industrial CO2 emissions and economic development in Anhui Province: weak decoupling (2008-2012 and 2014-2015), strong decoupling (2013 and 2016-2018), expansion coupling (2006-2007) and expansion negative decoupling (2019). The factors that inhibit decoupling include technology level and capital investment; the factors that promote decoupling include energy intensity and economic structure; the energy structure and labor force gradually change from inhibiting decoupling to promoting decoupling, and the factors of labor input change most significantly. Therefore, the Anhui province should optimize the energy consumption structure and allocation, adheres to the “double control” goal of the realization of energy consumption intensity and total CO2 emissions. At the same time, it must transform the mode of industrial economic development, and develop towards green and intensive industries gradually.