Abstract: Yangtze River Economic Belt, as the leading demonstration belt of the national ecological civilization construction, shoulders the major mission of taking the lead in realizing “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality”. Mastering the carbon emissions of cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and its influencing factors is of great significance to the realization of the “dual carbon” goal of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Based on the IPCC coefficient, the carbon emissions of 110 prefecture-level and above cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2018 were calculated, and the spatial and temporal pattern distribution was studied by using spatial autocorrelation, and a geographically weighted regression model was constructed to explore the influencing factors of carbon emissions in cities in different locations. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and revealing why. The results show that from 2008 to 2018, the total carbon emissions showed a slowing trend, and its center of gravity shifted to the central and western regions year by year; the carbon emissions of cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed a significant positive spatial correlation and agglomeration in the past 10 years, and the correlation fluctuated There is a downward trend; there are obvious differences in the influencing factors of carbon emissions, and the impact size is: per capita electricity consumption < population < construction land < industrial structure. The spatial pattern of structure and population is basically stable. The research results show that the realization of the “dual carbon” goal of the Yangtze River Economic Belt should be further accelerated from the fields of low-carbon transformation of industrial structure, rational planning of construction land, optimization of population spatial pattern, and planning of new energy power generation.