Abstract: The plantation production in the mountainous sub-watersheds of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area is distributed in units of blocks. The plantation blocks can be used as the basic unit to implement non-point source pollution control. The risk assessment of non-point pollution in mountainous small watersheds includes four sub-processes: block division, risk identification, risk assessment, risk prevention and control. By constructing a risk evaluation model focusing on the screening and quantification of risk factors, and by establishing a supportive evaluation index system in the dimensions of source factors and migration factors, the risk assessment of plantation non-point pollution was carried out and graded. The targeted control and management of plantation non-point pollution was proposed in three aspects: source control, process control and end control, based on the influence of single index. Based on the influencing degree of single index, we proposed several targeted control measures for plantation non-point pollution control in three aspects including source control, process control and end control, to guide an improved management strategy.