长江流域资源与环境 >> 2013, Vol. 22 >> Issue (12): 1573-.

• 生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

水电建设区的生态环境监测与评价——以向家坝水电站为例

李桂媛| 陈静| 段中元| 马树清   

  1. (1.三峡大学土木与建筑学院|湖北 宜昌 443000; 2.三峡大学化学与生命科学学院|湖北 宜昌 443000; 3.中国三峡总公司向家坝工程建设部|四川 宜宾 644600
  • 出版日期:2013-12-20

ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND WARNING OF HYDROPOWER CONSTRUCTION AREA

LI Guiyuan1, CHEN Jing2, DUAN Zhongyuan1, MA Shuqing3   

  1. (1.College of Civil Engineering and Architecture of China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443000,China|2.College of Chemistry and Life Science of China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443000,China;3.Engineering and Construction Division of Xiangjiaba of China Three Gorges Corporation,Yibing 644600,China
  • Online:2013-12-20

摘要:

水电工程的建设对区域环境会产生不可逆转的重大扰动,生态环境监测与预警作为大型水电工程建设的重要环节,为工程区域环境问题分析与研究提供详实的数据支撑,对区域生态环境的修复至关重要。以向家坝水电站为例,分析水电工程建设对区域环境产生扰动的特点,结合产生扰动的各环境要素,构建工程施工区环境监测体系。收集、整理相关监测数据,采用环境因子综合评价法对监测的相关数据进行分析和评价,结合各种环境因子的现状以及变化过程、总结区域环境总体状况的变化规律及空间分布。结果表明:自2007年工程大规模动工以来,区域的生态脆弱度大幅度升高,2008年达到顶峰,自2009年起环境开始改善,保持优于2007、2008年的状况;最脆弱区域为主体工程和云天化生产区交接地区,低度脆弱区域为河流及工程量少的加工工程区域;工程扰动最大的区域、当地工业区及交通枢纽集中地带是建设区环境最脆弱的区域,工程建设、工业及交通是建设区的主要扰动因素

Abstract:

Construction of hydropower projects will produce irreversible major disturbance on regional environment.Ecological environmental monitoring and warning as important parts of the largescale hydropower project construction,provide detailed data support for analysis and research of the regional environmental problems of engineering project,and are essential to the regional ecological environment restoration.This paper,taking Xiangjiaba hydropower project as a case,studied the environment disturbance characteristics of hydropower project construction area,and constructed environment monitoring system of engineering construction area through combining various environment factors producing disturbances.The monitoring data were analyzed and valuated by adopting the environmental factors comprehensive evaluation method.The overall status of regional environmental change rule and spatial distribution were summarized in accordance with the process of the status and changes of various environmental factors.Some conclusions are drawn as follows.Since the largescale start of the project in 2007,the ecological vulnerability greatly increased,and peaked in 2008.The environment began to improve since 2009,and maintained the situation of better than 2007 and 2008.Highly vulnerable area was mainly located in the main construction area.The region was poor vegetation coverage,and the quality of the environment affected by the project was also lower than other regions.Extremely vulnerable area was the area connected the main project and YYTH production area,not only affected by the construction projects,but also by the industrial pollution of YYTH.The moderately vulnerable area was residential area of Shuifu and the engineering subzone of the project (living area and materials processing area).This area was frequent area of human activity,affected by serious human disturbance.Low vulnerable area was process engineering area of less engineering quantities.The areas of the largest disturbance,local industrial area and transportation hub were the most environmentally vulnerable areas.Hydropower project construction,industrial and traffic were the main environmental effect perturbation factors of the construction area.Usually,there are a lot of environmental monitoring factors of a project.Despite the adoption of national standard,there is still a grading qualitative difference,and it is not conducive to mutual comparison.In addition,there are multiple monitoring results over a period of time and multiple monitoring sites in the same time.As a result,there are difficulties in evaluating the quality of the environment of the period and in comparing with other areas.Moreover,commenting on the environmental conditions needs evaluators with much relevant experience,which makes a lot of subjective uncertainty.These bring several difficulties in contrasting monitoring results of different periods and projects

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