长江上游生态建设工程与植被覆盖时空变化的响应特征研究

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201608013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： “退耕还林”、“天然林保护”等重大生态建设工程在长江上游实施已有十余年，剖析重大生态建设工程实施以来长江上游植被覆盖时空变化特征与生态建设投入间的响应关系，对区内未来生态建设的布局具有重要指导意义。以年际时间序列的SPOT-VEGETATION NDVI遥感数据为基础，利用遥感及地理信息系统技术，趋势拟合等方法，研究长江上游地区2002年至2013年植被覆盖时空动态变化特征。并以县级行政区为单元，分析长江上游植被覆盖时空变化与生态建设工程投入的响应关系。结果表明：研究区内植被指数NDVI （Normalized Difference Vegetation Index）整体呈现缓慢增加趋势，年均增长率为1.06%，主要体现为中等植被覆盖向高植被覆盖转化；植被覆盖增加区域远远大于植被覆盖减少区域，其中增加的区域占整个长江上游流域的86.02%，主要分布于秦巴山地以北、云贵高原以及横断山区中小起伏的山地；植被覆盖减少区域占6.09%，主要分布于汶川地震灾区以及成都，重庆、昆明等大型城市群及其周边。其次，近10 a生态建设重大工程投资对长江上游植被覆盖增长起促进作用，在研究区内有261个县级行政区具有较好的造林效率，达县级行政区总数的90%，集中分布于云贵、川陕交界处及西部高山、高原区。

关键词: NDVI, 生态建设工程, 造林强度, 造林效率, 植被覆盖

Abstract: The Natural Forest Conservation Program and the Grain to Green Program and other ecological projects had been implemented in the Upper Yangtze River for more than 10 years. It's important to analyze the responsibility relationship between the spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetation and ecological construction projects which could guide the future ecological construction and investment significantly. Based on the long time series SPOT-VEGETATION data, spatio-temporal dynamics of the vegetation in the Upper Yangtze River were analyzed from 2002 to 2013 using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) with remote sensing and GIS technology. Linear tendency fitting method was used to find the impact of the payments of the ecological construction project and the afforestation activities towards the vegetation dynamics in county scales. A slowly rising trend of the vegetation condition was showed with an average annual growth rate of 1.06%, and the coverage increase was mainly achieved by the conversion from medium vegetation cover to the high vegetation cover. The area with increasing trend was about 86.02% of the Upper Yangtze River which was much larger than the decreasing area in 6.09% of the whole study area. The study area with increasing trend mainly distributed in the small and medium mountainous area at Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, Hengduan Mountains and to the north of Qinba Mountain. The decreasing part distributed in the round-counties of Chengdu, Chongqing and Kunming, Wenchuan Earthquake area in addition. It showed that the ecological projects in the Upper Yangtze River in the past decade played a positive role in the vegetation dynamics. 261 counties, which displayed with a good afforestation efficiency, up to the 90% of the study area, centrally located in the junction of Yunnan, Sichuan and Shaanxi and the Western mountains.

Key words: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, ecological construction project, afforestation activities, afforestation efficiency, vegetation dynamics

中图分类号:

X171

胡晓曦, 第宝锋, 袁媛, 黄靖, 张梦. 长江上游生态建设工程与植被覆盖时空变化的响应特征研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(08): 1264-1272.

HU Xiao-xi, DI Bao-feng, YUAN Yuan, HUANG Jing, ZHANG Meng. RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS OF VEGETATION DYNAMICS WITH ECOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECT: A CASE STUDY IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER BASIN[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2016, 25(08): 1264-1272.

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