Abstract: The spatiotemporal dynamic change of vegetation cover can well reflect the climate change. Based on the monthly data of MODIS NDVI from 2000 to 2016 and the precipitation and temperature data of the grid within the same period, the spatial and temporal changes of NDVI in Anhui Province and its relationship with meteorological factors are explored in this paper. The results show that: （1）NDVI in Anhui Province shows a significant increase trend, with average growth rate of 5.7-11.3×10 ^-3/a in the whole province. Among which dryland grows faster, while broad-leaved forest and shrub grows slower. In terms of time, there is a pronounced tendency from October to next March except paddy field, but not obvious from June to September. Spatially, the mountain areas in southern Anhui, Dabie Mountain Areas and Huaibei Plain are growing rapidly. （2）Monthly average NDVI has correlation with temperature or precipitation in each vegetation type. Moreover, the correlation has a one-month lag. That is, NDVI had the strongest correlation with last month's temperature or precipitation. （3）On pixel-scale, the partial correlation between NDVI and temperature is very strong. The area with positive correlation reaching 0.01 significance accounts for 92.2%. However, the partial correlation with precipitation is weak. The area with positive correlation reaching 0.01 level only accounts for 8.2%. Driving factors analysis of monthly NDVI show that 75.0% is temperature-driving type, and 15.3% is precipitation and temperature co-driving type. The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference for the management and protection of regional ecosystems under global warming of terrestrial ecosystems.