Abstract: This paper takes the Yellow River ECO-Economic Belt as the research object, including qinghai, Ningxia, Gansu, Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Tianjin and Shandong, and uses the air quality monitoring data from 2015 to 2018 to study its spatiotemporal variation characteristics.The results show that: (1)The overall air quality of the Yellow River ECO-Economic has been improved, but the improvement of PM10, NO2 and O3 is not obvious.(2)In the spring, autumn and winter when the temperature is low, the pollutant concentration will increase. The lower the temperature is, the pollutant emission of some cities in the middle and eastern regions will significantly increase, which makes the difference in air quality of the whole Yellow River eco-economic belt greater, among which the seasonal fluctuation of SO2 is the most obvious.(3)The gap of air quality between regions is widening. Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan are becoming the air pollution center of the Yellow River ECO-Economic Belt , and the core area of pollution is gradually moving to the west.