Abstract: The high-quality development of agricultural industry is of great significance to promote the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Based on the five dimensions of "innovation, coordination, green, opening and sharing", this paper constructs the evaluation system of high-quality development of agricultural industry in the Yellow River Basin, and measures the high-quality development level of agricultural industry in the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2019 from two aspects of spatial pattern and time evolution. The results show that: the overall high-quality development level of agricultural industry in the Yellow River Basin is low, and with internal imbalance, showing a spatial pattern of "high on both sides, low in the middle", but showing a significant upward trend. All provinces and regions have strengths and weaknesses that match the regional characteristics. Shandong, Henan and Sichuan play a leading role in the dimension of innovation, opening and sharing development, the agricultural industrial structure of Gansu and Shanxi is more reasonable, while Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Ningxia have more advantages in green development. The contribution of each dimension to the overall high-quality development level is different, innovation and green development play the most important role, and opening development is the short board. The ecological protection and high-quality development of agricultural industry in the Yellow River Basin should seize the policy dividend, adhere to the ecological priority, continue to promote high-level opening to the outside world, and promote the coordinated development of all provinces and regions.