Abstract: Ozone pollution prevention and control is one of the three landmark battles of China's "14th Five-Year Plan" period to carry out in-depth pollution prevention and control actions. This study selected the maximum 8h monitoring value of near-surface O3 from 2015 to 2021, explored the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of near-surface O₃ concentration in national, provincial, urban agglomerations and key cities, and discussed the effectiveness of ozone pollution control in China since the "13th Five-Year Plan" period. The results showed that: ①Since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the annual value of O₃ concentration near the surface in China had first increased and then decreased. In 2021, the concentrationdecreased by about 8.2%, compared to the value in 2019, implying that the growing trend was curbed. The high value was mainly concentrated in spring, summer and early autumn from May to September.②The spatial distribution of O₃ concentration near the surface in China showed a pattern of "high in the east and low in the west" bounded by the Hu-Huanyong line. The medium and high-value areas were mainly concentrated in North China and spread to central China and coastal cities. ③The concentration of O₃ near the surface of urban agglomerations showed the characteristics of "contiguous" distribution. The concentration of O₃ in the eastern urban agglomeration was higher than that in the western urban agglomeration. The concentration of O₃ in urban agglomerations in North and East China, such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and the Central Plains urban agglomeration, was relatively high.④During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the ozone pollution of the upgrading urban agglomerations was significantly improved. The O₃ concentration in the five major urban agglomerations of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing and Yangtze River Midstream decreased by 15.51%, 6.35%, 11.66%, 5.26% and 12.56% respectively for 2019 to 2021; The effect of pollution control in central cities was also remarkable; The O₃ concentration in the northern developing urban agglomerations was high, while the O₃ concentration in the other two developing urban agglomerations in the southern coastal area was relatively low. The collaborative emission reduction efforts between cities within developing urban agglomerations needs to be strengthened. The concentration of O₃ in fostering urban agglomerations was relatively acceptable. There were large differences in O₃ concentration in central cities, and the concentration of O₃ in key cities such as Taiyuan, Harbin, Yinchuan and Urumqi showed an upward trend. This study suggested that China's ozone pollution prevention and control battle focus on the spring, summer and early autumn from May to September. Regions of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Guanzhong Plain urban agglomerations should be paid more attentions. The prevention and control of ozone pollution in key urban agglomerations (such as the Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River)and the cities with severe ozone pollution (such as Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Jinan, Zhengzhou and Taiyuan) shouldbestrengthened further.