The degradation land of karst rocky desertification is one of the most serious problems on economic development, ecosystem restoration and reconstruction in Southwest China. Karst rocky desertification is a kind of serious land degradation, including socialeconomical feedback, dynamical feedback and original biology feedback in its degrading processes. Because of the unique ecosystem characters and fragilities of karst ecosystem, karst rocky desertification land has different land degradation characteristics differentiated from other fragile ecoregion as follows: (1) the lithology types difference during the processes of land degradation and restoration; (2) the relativity among land use patterns and land degradation and restoration processes; (3) regional differences and artificial driving mechanism of formation and distribution; (4) the landscape spatial heterogeneity and scale of rocky desertification land; (5) the restoration depend upon soil and topography; (6) the nonrenewable ability of soil resources. Karst land rocky desertification is a kind of functional desertification, and its genesis is the fall and decline of ecosystem services. So, it is beneficial to probe into the characteristics of karst rocky desertification land for the taming as classifications and ecological restoration and reconstruction of land rocky desertification.

Yangtze River Delta is the important economic centre area in China. This area has kept high development speed and had an important role in promoting the whole nation's economic development since the reform and openingup, especially after the openingup in Pudong. In 21th century, the area will face the new development opportunities and problems in the process of economic globalization and international industrial shift. On one hand, the regional competitiveness is continuously strengthening, urbanization level is advancing, foreign investment is surging and cooperation activities among cities are increasing. On the other hand, there are still several serious problems, such as lower competitiveness of enterprises, lack of energy sources, constrain of transportation and degeneration of ecological environment. All of these will influence the economic sustainable development in the Yangtze River Delta. The purpose of the paper is to probe into ways, to harmonize relations among economic, ecological and social development.

In this paper, the authors first give a short review of related literature on investment environment of industrial park. On the base of those, taking traditional and modern location factor into account, the authors construct the index system for evaluating industrial park from five aspects: location, hinterland sustainability, interior conditions, current scale and innovation ability. The five subsystems include sixteen evaluative factors, those of which are subdivided into forty indices. By means of principal components method, the authors figure out weight values. According to those values, the authors work out score of comprehensive evaluation. In the end, the authors overall analyzes and judge of the result of investment environment. In general, investment environment of industrial park almost equals to medium lever, each of investment environment of industrial park should be improved. but every subsystem which contribute to comprehensive score is diverse, the higher comprehensive score of industrial park, the more equivalent contribution to all subsystems. Especially in the aspect of innovation ability, all industrial parks are in insufficient, and needs to be improved later.

Population migration, an important area in human geography, results in the spatial variations of the quantity, quality, and structure of population. Since most preceding related models used administrative units as their basic calculation units, they cannot describe the pattern of population migration within administrative units. This paper, however, proposes a countyscope gravity model to present the smallscale population migrations, using separated resident areas as basic calculation units. Taking Lin'an county, Zhejiang Province, as study area, the proposed model has been implemented with GIS. A conclusion in then teached on the gravity potential index of each town which shows correlation with its rising population data. From the thematic map concerning the maximum probability destination which will be selected by the immigrants, it indicates that it is the downtown area of Lin'an County that is more attractive to the surrounding rural residents than any other towns.

The scale of population is considered as an important control index of urban planning and the land use planning. The rationality of the scale of population can affect not only development of economy and society, but also sustainable development of ecological environment. So it has great theory meaning and realistic meaning to exactly predict development trend of population and establish rational population layout. The paper dealt with Malthusian models、Logistic models and linear regression and used the data of Jiangsu Statistical Yearbook to predict gross population in Jiangsu Province in 2005~2020. Results show that three models fit well. But Malthusian models and Logistic models are better than linear regression according to residue errors which residue errors in two nonlinear models are smaller and close, 0.35% and 0.12% than 2.25% in linear regression in validating models. So the authors select the mean of prediction in two nonlinear models as prediction results. Prediction results show gross population reaches to 76.95 million in 2010, 79.19 million in 2020.

In Jiangsu Province, the lack of energy resources lays a foundation of the development pattern of the electricity power industry that is mainly in the form of import. In spatial distributon, the electric power industry is relatively centralized along Yangtse River, in Xuzhou area and in the consumeption center located in the South Jiangsu, forming a structure of “small” that slants to the right. The authors expound systematically the characteristic of the spatial structure of the electricity power industry in the form of “small” and its present problems，and analyse the mechanism of its forming. With the distribution of the energy resources and the economic development pattern in Jiangsu Prorince, the authors suggested to construct a new spatial structure of electricity power industry with “OZ” as its main framework, which is incorporated as:（1）to further upgrade the Riverside Belt of the electricity power industry in order to form the “/” part of the “OZ” structure；（2）to energetically push the development of inshore electricity power industry and to accelerate the rising of the Inshore Energy Axis in order to give prominence to the upside “－” part of the “OZ” structure；（3）to transmit natural gas from the west to the east, to promote the upgrade of the electricity power production in the south Jiangsu in order to reshape the downside “－” part of the “OZ” structure；（4）to strengthen the development of Xuzhou Energy Syntheses in order to expand the “O” part of the “OZ” structure.

Taihu Basin was always one of the most developed districts in China. The authors analyzed the changes of socioeconomy and aquatic environment over the past 20 years, discussed the impact of socioeconomy, and described the trend of aquatic environment on the basis of future socioeconomy development. The annual growth rate of GDP reached 11.6%, the rate of urbanization increased 31% and the gross output value of industry increased 13 times. However, the crop area and effectively irrigated area decreased year after year. At the same time, in 1990＇s the proportion of the river length with the water quality exceeded the guideline value increased 23%, and the quality in Taihu Lake declined by two grades. For the economy development and the raise of living standards, the total water consumption increased, especially the use for living comsumption; industrial waste decreased though its production value added, however the domestic sewerage ascended rapidly. The impact of agricultural fertilizer use and the aquiculture and poultry on aquatic environment was intensified day by day. In the future, the economic growth rate would keep about 10%, and the water requirement would continuously increase, also the aquatic environment would further deteriorate in measurable future.

Based on emergy analysis, a quantitative and comparative research was carried out by comparing different counties and districts in Sichuan Province in China with selective indices. The curve of sustainable index fluctuated from 3.35 to 1.97, with a trend similar to the change of population carrying capacity and emergy to dollar ratio, indicating that under the pressure of population and resources, the development in Sichuan Province was in a less-developed phase on the basis of native resources. From 1998 to 2003, the emergy investment ratio and net emergy yield ratio showed a reversed trend, revealing the decrease in the use efficiency of resources and economic competitive power, but the increase in environment and resource utilization, emergy density and economic activity. The steady increasing trend in total emergy per capita and the adagio increasing trend of fraction of emergy used from electricity demonstrated the improvement of people's life. However, there is still a greater gap in the utilization of resources, when compared with developed districts.

Areas along the mainstreams of the Yangtze River are the largest inland industrial districts and manufacturing industry bases in the world, which have played an important and strategic role in China＇s social and economic development. However, ecological problems resulted from the largescale development and heavy human activities along the basin have been aggravated in the past twenty years. Therefore, economic development and environment protection are the two strategic missions of areas along the Yangtze River. Based on investigation and from the perspective of sustainable development, the authors analyze the major problems existing in the social and economic development of Zhaotong City. From systematic perspective, the authors expound the mechanism between ecological system and economic development. It argues that heavy population density and unreasonable industrial structure make the fragile ecological environment bearing heavy pressures and constitute the major causes of environmental degradation in Zhaotong City. In order to satisfy sustainable development and assist to balance the conflicts between ecological system and socioeconomic development, strategies for ecological industry development in Zhaotong City are put forward, including intensive and highefficient agriculture, environmentfriendy and recycling industries and ecological tourism development.

There are so many types of ecosystem services offered by the rivers, so that it can be considered in the scope of river services, resulting in “tragedy of the commons”. The government has adaptive administration strategies in order to maintain certain behaviors and sustainable development of resources. However, this government forces cannot modify the evolutionary trend of tragedy. This paper analyzed the economic, politic and management reasons for the “tragedy of the commons” of rivers and some measures for revising the resources behaviors of rivers. In all measures, it would be established that both nonexcludability rights including resource properties and management authority and proper pricing mechanism on use of ecosystem services in the future.

Currently, most cases of land adaptability evaluation are based on either raster data model or vector model, boiling down to the incompleteness of information in the evaluation process and costing the assessment accuracy. Therefore, the combination and the full use of the advantages of raster and vector data models together could largely improve the accuracy and efficacy in land adaptability assessment. Based on such idea as objectoriented modeling, this article puts forward vectorraster mixed data model for land adaptability evaluation as well as the approaches of implementation. Firstly, raster data is segmented to raster objects by the linear boundary of land unit in vector data, and then the raster objects are linked to their corresponding vector counterparts with unique raster object labels. Next, statistic features in each raster object are extracted and added to the vector counterparts as attributes. Following this approach, information of each land adaptability index is figured out and stored in the database for future calculations. At last, according to the weights of each index, the comprehensive evaluation is conducted by weighted summation for each land unit. To demonstrate the improvement of this method, the constructions of high quality prime farmland in Zhejiang Province is taken as a case study.

Traditional land suitability evaluation system based on GIS is deficient in supporting the decision of spatial issues, while integration of GIS and DSS in land suitability evaluation system can both manage spatial data and assist decision by using relevant models. With MapInfo Professional 6.0 as the platform and Visual 〖XC夏敏字2.TIF,JZ〗6.0 as the developing tool, a land suitability evaluation system based on GIS and DSS is developed. It is made of database system, model base system, knowledge base system and manmachine interface, and has functions of inputing and outputing data, querying between map and attributes. It can also analyse spatial data, assist decision, and so on. The system is successfully applied in land suitability evaluation of Chunhua County, Jiangning District, Nanjing City. It is indicated that the system can provide several decision models to be selected, and integrate functions of data management and spatial analysis. It meets the need of countylevel land suitability evaluation, and has values being popularized.

The refluence of Chuangjiang River can be partly proved by the provenance of its higher terraces. The refluence had possibly occurred if the sediment originate form east but not west. The heavy mineral assemblage represents partly the provenance. Stepwise discrimination analysis has been used in the study of heavy mineral assemblage. The authors regarded the samples of Jinsha River and the lower reach below Chongqing of Chuangjiang River as the two original categories, and discriminate which type should the higher terraces of the section above Chongqing City belongs to. And the section above Chongqing City included Yibin City, Luzhou City and Chongqing City. The variables are the varieties and percentages of heavy minerals. The correct ratios of reentering into the model are 93.1% and 96.6%, respectively. It can be concluded that the upper reach of Chuangjiang River is more similar to the lower reach of Chuangjiang River than to the Jinsha River in the heavy mineral assemblage.

With the process of urbanization，mankind activities, special ground constructions and changes of atmosphere layers affect the precipitation in related urban regions.Suzhou is a typical city with dense water bodies and with rapid urbanization process in the Yangtze Delta Region. Based on the analysis of Suzhou's urbanization process and annual rainfall time series analysis of Suzhou and Wangting precipitation stations during 1953~2000 ,by comparing rural precipitation (Wangting precipitation station)with urban precipitation(Suzhou precipitation station) and comparing rainfalls at each station in different periods, the authors analyzed the effect of urbanization on distribution of annual rainfall, precipitation, rainfall frequency etc. In the end, the authors concluded that because of urbanization , annual rainfall, flood season rainfall and maximum daily precipitation have all increased, especially the maximum daily precipitation; distribution of annual rainfall and the frequency of all patterns of rainfall precipitation has increased，especially storm rainfall .

The annual and seasonal precipitation and temperature from 1951 to 2003 in the Hanjiang Basin were analyzed to obtain the temporal and spatial trend by using the MannKendall trend test and the spatial interpolation method. The precipitation, temperature in the upper Danjiangkou reservoir basin and the temperature in the northern hemisphere were compared and analyzed to obtain the relationship between them. The results indicate that at the α=0.1 significance level there is no trend of the precipitation in most parts of the Hanjiang basin, but the trend of the temperature is upward. In the upper basin the precipitation had a climate jump in 1991 when the precipitation changed from the wet period in 1980s to the dry period in 1990s. The average precipitation in 1980s is 9.7% more than the mean value of 1951~2003, while in 1990s is 11.6% less than that value. The average temperature in 1990s is 0.3℃ higher than the mean value of 1951~2003, in the same period the average temperature of the northern hemisphere is 0.3℃ higher than the mean value of 1951~2003. The temperature in the upper basin is increased, while the precipitation is decreased as the temperature increases in the northern hemisphere. The results will help in further studying the impact of the climate change on water resources and the flood prevention in the Hanjiang Basin. It will also provide scientific references for the middle route of southtonorth water diversion project in China.

Based on the data of mean temperature, daily minimum temperature and daily maximum temperature in Southwest China from 1951 to 2000, characteristics of temperature variations are analyzed. The results show that the mean temperature, the daily maximum temperature and the daily minimum temperature annually all increased after the mid 1980s and the peak temperature occurred in 1998.During the last 50 years, the daily maximum temperature shows a decreasing trend .The annual variation of daily maximum temperature is larger than that of the mean temperature and also the daily minimum temperature. The decrease of daily maximum temperature has obvious influence on the mean temperature. The daily minimum temperature shows an increasing trend, and the increasing trend of temperature is much more obvious in winter than in summer. Warm period of summer and winter occurred respectively in 1950s and in 1980s.

The precipitation concentration period (PCP) is a new characteristic quantity for attributing the climate of flood season. This new quantity was developed by meteorologists and has shown a better flexibility and objectivity in climatic studies. Analysis of PCP can provide basic and useful information for climatic diagnosing and forecasting in flood seasons. While the current used universal indices of precipitation concentration period (PCP) have shortages in computation and time length definition. Specially, this characteristic quantity has a flaw when it is used in the climate analysis with a longer term, moreover the computational method is too complex to use in routine work. In this paper, a new method of PCP with 15day running mean is developed for the purpose of more effective use of PCP in climate analysis. The authors proved this new method by the use of statistical methods and the synoptic climatological method. Simultaneously, two case studies in the lower Yangtze River and Jinhua area flood season were carried out for the examination of the method. The result indicated that the characteristic quantity of new flood season PCP is time independent with total rainfall in flood season and has remarkable relevance with general trend of precipitation, and it has the stronger ability in describing extreme disaster event in the flood season. Therefore, the new method of PCP with 15day running mean has the explicit weather climate significance. It is convenient, objective and more effective in the practical application.

Heavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables in five environmental units, i.e. mining and smelting area, arterial traffic，factory，sewage irrigation plot and farm produce base, in 5 counties and 4 suburbs of Nanjing City were investigated. The results shown that the scope of total soil Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations of 100 soil samples was 26.1~4 138.8, 16.5~3 375.1, 46.0~3 587.6 and 0.09~17.61 mg/kg, respectively. There were significant differences among different environmental units. Soils sampled from mining and smelting areas were the most seriously contaminated with heavy metals, followed by soils from sewage irrigation plots and highway. Soils from farm produce bases were slightly polluted by Cd. Among 5 environmental units, soils from peripheral farmlands of factories had the least contamination by heavy metals. The scope of Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations in the shoot of 19 Chinese cabbage（Brassica chinensis L.）samples was 0.11~7.11, 5.04~76.42, 36.8~364.3 and 0.04~2.96 mg/kg, respectively. The samples from mining and smelting areas had the highest shoot heavy metal concentration, and also the highest in the soils of these areas. The heavy metal concentration in the shoot of cabbage had a significantly positive correlation with the total and bio-available concentrations of soil heavy metals. Non-rational mining and smelting activities have been the major cause of heavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables in Nanjing Area.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and organic chlorine pesticides in soils around a steel mill were investigated. Results show that PAHs residue in this area ranged between 312.2 and 27 580.9 μg·kg-1. The PAHs with more than 4 rings were the main pollutants, especially pyrene, chrysene, fluoranthene, benzo (a) pyrene, anthracene, phenanthrene, benzo (a) anthracene, benzo (k) fluoranthene, indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene, benzo (g,h,i) perylene, of which the contents were closely related with the direction of the prevailing winds of the year. The HCHs and DDTs in the agricultural soil are inspected,but not being very high, 3.60 μg·kg-1 (0.81-9.43 μg·kg-1)and 11.13 μg·kg-1(3.31-43.81 μg·kg-1) respectively. The main residues are p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT. The characteristic of four isomers of HCHs is α>β>γ>δ. Some sample soils remain the sources of new organic chlorine pollutants.

Fishery industry in Zhangduhu Lake started in 1952. The fish fries were mainly restocked into the lake artificially and they grew naturally in the lake while fishes propagated naturally in the lake as a compensation of the fishery resource. From 1992 to 2004, 279 014.8 kg large sized fingerlings of silver carp and bighead carp were restocked in the lake and the average capture of fish is 755 439 kg annually. The average annual income was 3 329 143.52 RMB. The fishery production varied between 36 691～506 135 kg annually with a fishery production higher than 100 000 kg in 9 years. The problems that hinder the full utilization of the fishery resource in Zhangduhu Lake is the separation of property right and the management right, the dramatic decrease in bottom hydrophytes, the waste of water-chestnut resources, the non-harmonimous measures of fry intake through flood and flood discharge for flood control. In this paper, the authors proposed a sustainable development model for Zhangduhu Lake, which includes the stocking of mainly cultured fish, intensive culture of precious fish species and the overall utilization of the fishery. A series of protection measurements were proposed for Zhangduhu Lake, including optimization of production model to obtain rational utilization of resources, adjustment of production structure to ensure economical development, tight control of pollution to obtain all-around management, enhanced propaganda and management to speed up the recovery of wetland.

With the development of our society, irrational land use/cover change has become one of the important factors in water environment deterioration in Yangtze River Basin. Soil erosion is one of the most serious ecoenvironment problems in Yangtze River Basin in China. Silt, nutritive element of soil, residual pesticide, fertilizer, bodies of animal and plant are constantly transferred into water bodies with soil erosion. As a result, the amount of SS, COD, TP and TN increased continually and the water quality is continually declined. During the flood season, the pollution of water quality in mainstream of Yangtze River is mainly caused by nonpoint source. There are many studies related to the area of Yangtze River basin, but little research which is focused on the NPS pollution caused by land use/cover change. Based on the actuality of nonpoint source pollution in the Yangtze River Basin and the development of 3S techniques, constructing an information system to simulate the relationship of land use/cover change and nonpoint source pollution in Yangtze River Basin is reported in this paper. At the end of this paper, the framework and functions of the simulation information system are sketched out. With the support of the system, some benefits will be brought to the Yangtze River Basin.

Shanghai is located in the Changjiang Estuary, where there are a lot of tidal flats. But as unsustainable development, reclamation has caused the change of some habitat factors and vegetable community. In spring，2004，during shorebird migratory season, a survey on the shorebird community and tidal flat environment was carried out in 10 research sites along the coastline. In this survey, 13 species shorebirds were observed; Calidris acuminata and Calidris alpina were dominant species. However, in 1984, the similar research had recorded 23 species with C. alpina, C. canutus and Calidris ruficollis being the dominant. In addition, based on the analysis of the relationship among tidal flat structure, vegetable distribution and shorebird community, the result showed that tidal flat integrity, length of bulrush zone and algae saline zone, landscape diversity, human disturbance are the four key factors for shorebird to select habitats. Finally, the article analyzed the relationship between shorebird community and habitat landscape, and suggestions were proposed for ecological restoration.

Evaluation of ecosystem service's value could provide some reference for quantitative benefit analysis of ecological project. The ecoecological benefit of the planned first stage ecological project in the water source protection zone for eastern route of Southtonorth Water Transfer Project was quantitatively evaluated in the paper from the angle of ecological service value and construction cost. Based on the wellaccepted quantitative evaluation methods of ecosystem service's value, and according to the land use change, the ecological service's value annually added of the ecological construction project was evaluated about 128 160 000 Yuan, and the adjusted result was 4 229 000 Yuan according to the adjustment of regional development phase coefficient. The annual cost of the ecological construction project was about 7 930 000 Yuan on the basis of opportunity analysis. Results showed that the anticipated ecoeconomic benefit of the project was obvious, and the adjusted ecosystem service's value added annually was 5.3 times larger than the cost.

The physical and chemical characteristics, various phosphorous forms from 8 sites in Lake Taihu's sediments were analyzed, and their relations were discussed. The results showed that，the values of total phosphorous, cation exchange capacity and organic matter are 307.43～1454.39 mg/kg, 15.18～22.68 meq/100g, 1.66%～3.45% , respectively; the main mineral compositions of the sediments are quartz and albite; the main clay minerals（<2 μm）are montmorillonate, illite, chlorite and kaolinite. The common composition of the sediments are mainly made up of SiO2, Al2O3 and TFe2O3, and their contents change greatly as the values of total phosphorous change. Close relations between physicalchemical characteristics and various phosphorous forms exist in the sediments of Lake Taihu. As the concentrations of total phosphorous increase, the values of cation exchange capacity, organic matter and clay increase, at the same time, the proportion of Fe/AlP in TP increase.

This paper aimed to examine the condition of mercury pollution in Chongqing City. Mercury fluxes were calculated for throughfall, bulk deposition and runoff at two areas: a small forest catchment at Tieshanping(TSP) and an urban area Guanyinqiao(GYQ). The balance of input and output were calculated while the characters of mercury deposition in urban and rural area were analyzed. The results show that the Chongqing Area has endured mercury pollution to some extent, and GYQ endures more dry deposition with an important role at GYQ besides wet deposition, and wet deposition being much more crucial at TSP. In other words, the fine particle in atmosphere is the main source at TSP, and the coarse particles devote a lot at GYQ besides fine particle. So the emissions of local sources have more effects in urban area than in rural area in Chongqing City. Soil, especially the topsoil, is an important pool (reservoir) of mercury in the TSP catchment. Concentrations of mercury in the urban soil samples, particularly the samples near the fire plant, are higher than those in the rural soils, which shows the fire plant is an important mercury source.

Functions of waterholding in Sanjiangyuan Region were analyzed in both waterholding capability of wither and soil and quantity of rainfall. Its value was assessed with the method of shadow engineering. The results indicated that the quantities of waterholding of wither and soil in Sanjiangyuan Region is 1.65×1010t with the value of 1.10×1010 Yuan RMB. The quantity of rainfall was 4.93×1010m3/a1 with the value being 3.303 1×1010 Yuan RMB·a-1. The waterholding functions and value were huge in Sanjiangyuan Region, and it was very important to protect the structure and functions of its ecosystem for environment safety and sustainable development of middle and lower reaches of rivers originating from Sanjiangyuan Region.