仙女湖富营养化特征与水环境容量核算

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201508019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以典型的亚热带大型水库——江西省仙女湖为例,于2011~2013年季节性监测了仙女湖水体理化指标。采用综合营养状态指数法对其富营养化状态进行了评价,并采用沃伦威德尔模型(Vollenweider)和狄龙模型(Dillon)计算了COD、NH₃-N、TN和TP的水环境容量。结果表明:仙女湖水质总体处于地表水Ⅱ类~Ⅲ类标准,TN 0.32~0.91 mg/L、平均0.59 mg/L,NH₃-N 0.012~0.59 mg/L、平均0.31 mg/L,TP 0.017~0.080 mg/L、平均0.028 mg/L,COD_Mn 1.61~5.59 mg/L、平均2.85 mg/L,Chl-a 0.37~0.95 μg/L、平均0.56 μg/L。从湖区上游到下游,各指标尤其是总氮、总磷、透明度和氨氮呈现明显的趋优变化特征,除TP出现Ⅲ类水质外,其余指标多年持续处于Ⅱ类水质状态;从单因子状态指数来看,采用透明度评价的营养状态最高,大部分湖区持续处于轻度富营养状态;TN和TP评价的营养状态次之,处于中营养水平。仙女湖COD、NH₃-N、TN和TP水环境容量分别为21 208.0、3 528.8、4 991.2和248.1 t/a,分别剩余容量比率56.88%、68.25%、62.89%和13.67%,影响仙女湖水环境容量最突出的环境因子为TP。同时,基于对水环境容量影响因素的分析,最后提出了提高仙女湖区水环境容量的建设性方案。

关键词: 仙女湖, 富营养化, 综合评价, 水环境容量, 水质目标

Abstract: Lake/reservoir eutrophication has become a more and more serious problem. Watershed pollution prevention is the key of eutrophication control. Calculation of water environmental capacity is the important basis of both the pollution prevention and the capacity distribution in the basin. This study is aimed to assess the eutrophic status and estimate the environmental capacity of the Lake Xiannv in Jiangxi Province, a lake with good water quality, in order to provide the reference for the aquatic environmental protection and capacity gross control of main pollutants in this important ecological function zone. From the year of 2011 to 2013, seasonal monitoring of physical and chemical parameters in Lake Xiannv was carried out and parameters included total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), total phosphorous (TP), transparency (SD), chemical oxygen demand (COD_Mn) and chlorophyll a (chl_a). Samples were collected at 4 sites, located in the upper lake-Qianyang Lake (S1-S2) and the lower lake-Wulong Lake (S3-S4), respectively. A comprehensive eutrophic state index was applied to assess the trophic status, and the Vollenweider-Dillon model was employed to analyze the nutrient loading and assimilation capacity of Lake Xiannv. COD, ammonia, TN and TP were used as the control index in calculation of the water environment capacity. Results showed that the water quality of Lake Xiannv could meet Level Ⅱ-Ⅲ standards of water quality for surface water. The mean values (range in parentheses) for TN, TP, NH₃-N, COD_Mn and chl_a were 0.59 mg/L (0.32-0.91 mg/L), 0.028 mg/L (0.017-0.080 mg/L), 0.31 mg /L (0.012-0.59 mg/L), 2.85 mg/L (1.61-5.59 mg/L) and 0.56 μg/L (0.37-0.95 μg/L), respectively. The water quality tended to improve from the upper lake zone to the lower one of the lake. TP was in the status of Level Ⅲ standards in some months, whereas the other indicators were steadily in Level Ⅱ standards. In general, Lake Xiannv was mesotrophic, with higher nutrient levels in the Qianyang Lake area, and the Secchi depth was in the highest trophic state (slightly eutrophic) by the analysis of the single factor index. Loading of COD, ammonia, TN and TP in Lake Xiannv were 21 208.0 t/a, 3 528.8 t/a, 4 991.2 t/a and 248.1 t/a, respectively. The ratio of the remaining capacity of these four pollutants were 56.88%, 68.25%, 62.89% and 13.67%, respectively. TP was selected out as the greatest impact factor on water environmental capacity of the lake. Nutrient loading should be reduced by 72% for phosphorus to achieve water quality meeting Level II standards throughout Lake Xiannv. In this study, the main factors influenced on water environment carrying capacity were analyzed, as well as the variation tendency of water quality and how to improve the water quality of the lake. Based on the analysis of the main influence factors on water environmental capacity, the constructive scheme was proposed for improving water environment carrying capacity in the end.

Key words: Lake Xiannv, eutrophication, comprehensive assessment, water environmental capacity, water quality goal

中图分类号:

X524

张萌, 祝国荣, 周慜, 李惠民, 陆友伟, 刘足根. 仙女湖富营养化特征与水环境容量核算[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(08): 1395-1404.

ZHANG Meng, ZHU Guo-rong, ZHOU Min, LI Hui-min, LU You-wei, LIU Zu-gen. EUTROPHICATION ASSESSMENT AND ESTIMATION OF WATER ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY IN LAKE XIANNV OF JIANGXI[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2015, 24(08): 1395-1404.

参考文献

[1] ILEC/Lake Biwa Research Institute.Survey of the State of the Worlds Lakes[R].Volumes I-IV.International Lake Environment Committee,Otsu and United Nations Environment Programme,Nairobi,1988-1993.
[2] 郑志伟,胡莲,邹曦,等.汉丰湖富营养化综合评价与水环境容量分析[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(5):22-27.
[3] 王明翠,刘雪琴,张建辉.湖泊富营养化评价方法及分级标准[J].中国环境监测,2002,18(5):47-49.
[4] 张萌,倪乐意,谢平,等.基于聚类和多重评价法的河流质量评价研究[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(12):177-185.
[5] 孟伟.流域水污染物总量控制技术与示范[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008.
[6] 王涛,张萌,张柱,等.基于控制单元的水环境容量核算研究:以锦江流域为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(3):283-287.
[7] 王涛,彭昆国,陈宏文,等.袁河流域水环境容量分析的设计水文条件计算[J].水文,2012,32(4):22-26.
[8] 黄真理,李玉粱,李锦秀,等.三峡水库水环境容量计算[J].水利学报,2004(3):7-14.
[9] 曾晨,刘艳芳,张万顺,等.流域水生态承载力研究的起源和发展[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(2):203-210.
[10] WANG M L,LUO B,ZHOU W B.Calculation and analysis of the water environment capacity for the Yuanhe River in Jiangxi Province,China[J].Advanced Materials Research,2011,281(137):137-140.
[11] 袁弘任.三峡水库纳污能力分析[J].中国水利,2004(20):19-22.
[12] 廖卫兵,熊明辉,黎小军.仙女湖水体中氮素变化特征分析[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(17):7405-7406,7444.
[13] 魏红义,马广钦,王涛.冯家山水库水环境容量研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(14):6528-6529,6572.
[14] 王军良,方志发.城中湖水环境容量计算和对策研究[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(1):129-132.
[15] 陈炜,罗华兵,黄璇.流溪河水库水环境容量研究[J].环境科学与管理,2011,31(11):34-39.
[16] 崔建国,康勇锋,孙建星.漳泽水库水环境容量及水污染控制方案研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2006,37(3):366-368.
[17] 郭献军,宋建国,韩玉梅.烟台门楼水库水环境容量研究[J].环境科学与技术,2006,29(10):43-45.
[18] 周孝德,郭瑾珑,程文,等.水环境容量计算方法研究[J].西安理工大学学报,1999,15(3):1-6.
[19] SCHEFFER M.Alternative attractors of shallow lakes[J].The Scientific World,2001,1:254-263.
[20] 赵华林.主要污染物总量减排核查核算参考手册[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008.
[21] 第一次全国污染源普查资料编纂委员会.污染源普查产排污系数手册[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011.
[22] 任军,边秀芝,郭金瑞,等.我国农业面源污染的现状与对策:I.农业面源污染的现状与成因[J].吉林农业科学,2010,35(2):48-52.
[23] 王文林,胡孟春,唐晓燕.太湖流域农村生活污水产排污系数测算[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(6):616-621.

相关文章 15

[1]	王秀, 王振祥, 潘宝, 周春财, 刘桂建. 南淝河表层水中重金属空间分布、污染评价及来源[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(02): 297-303.
[2]	李文浩, 张萌, 门吉帅, 敖雪夫, 胡新艳, 欧阳珊, 吴小平. 江西仙女湖流域大型底栖动物群落结构及水质评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(08): 1218-1227.
[3]	闫思宇, 王景燕, 龚伟, 罗建跃, 苏黎明, 舒正悦, 赵昌平, 蔡煜. 川南山地林分变化对土壤物理性质和抗蚀性的影响[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(07): 1112-1120.
[4]	秦文浩, 夏琨, 叶晓东, 纪风强. 竺山湾流域河湖系统污染物总量控制研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(05): 822-829.
[5]	赵敏, 张丽旭. 长江口海域表层沉积物环境质量的综合评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(02): 284-291.
[6]	王琦, 欧伏平, 张雷, 卢少勇. 三峡工程运行后洞庭湖水环境变化及影响分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(11): 1843-1849.
[7]	赖晓明, 廖凯华, 朱青, 吕立刚, 徐飞. 基于Hydrus-1D模型的太湖流域农田系统水分渗漏和氮磷淋失特征分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(09): 1491-1498.
[8]	何小芳, 吴法清, 周巧红, 刘碧云, 张丽萍, 吴振斌. 武汉沉湖湿地水鸟群落特征及其与富营养化关系研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(09): 1499-1506.
[9]	龚艳冰, 刘高峰, 冯兰萍, 张继国, 胡娜. 江苏省水资源短缺风险的相似云评价方法研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(06): 931-936.
[10]	盛海燕, 姚佳玫, 何剑波, 刘明亮, 韩轶才, 虞左明. 浙江青山水库浮游植物群落结构变化及与环境因子的关系[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(06): 978-986.
[11]	朱天明, 杨桂山, 苏伟忠, 李峻峰. 兴化市小城镇土地集约利用综合评价研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2010, 19(01): 24-.
[12]	朱广伟. 太湖水质的时空分异特征及其与水华的关系[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2009, 18(5): 439-.
[13]	刘小龙刘丛强李思亮 汪福顺王宝利灌瑾 杨妍. 猫跳河流域梯级水库夏季N₂O的产生与释放机理[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2009, 18(4): 373-.
[14]	吴佳鹏陈凯麒. 基于灰色模糊理论的流域水电规划环境影响综合评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2009, 18(3): 281-285.
[15]	张信宝,曹植菁, 艾南山. 溪洛渡水电工程拦沙对三峡水库富营养化潜在影响的初步研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2009, 18(2): 170-.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed