长江近口段沿岸4种珍稀、重要鱼类的资源动态

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201604003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解长江近口段沿岸胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)、中国花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)、鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)以及乌鳢(Channidae argus)4种珍稀重要经济鱼类的资源动态,我们于2002~2013年在靖江沿岸设置定置张网,每月收集2~3份渔获物样本进行分析。结果显示,12年共采集379份样本,渔获量112 587尾,681 080.2 g,分别隶属于14目28科77属119种。上述4种鱼共476尾,占总渔获量的4.23‰。其中以鳜的数量为最多,有224尾;中国花鲈和乌鳢其次,分别有121尾和96尾;胭脂鱼最少,仅35尾。出现鳜、乌鳢、中国花鲈和胭脂鱼的样本分别有93份、83份、38份和21份,出现率为24.5%、21.9%、10.0%和5.5%。平均相对重要性指数IRI显示,胭脂鱼是少见种,中国花鲈为一般种,鳜和乌鳢均为常见种。但年度IRI分析显示,最近3年胭脂鱼已上升为一般种,乌鳢则为优势种,都呈增长趋势。分析还显示,4~6月的长江禁渔期可以保护靖江沿岸约31.43%的胭脂鱼、29.75 %的中国花鲈、18.30%的鳜和26.04 %的乌鳢幼鱼。如将沿岸水域的禁渔期延至9月,则可将48.57%的胭脂鱼、94.21%的中国花鲈、92.86%的鳜和68.75%的乌鳢幼鱼免受沿岸定置张网的损害。

关键词: 长江靖江段, 胭脂鱼, 鳜, 资源动态, 资源保护

Abstract: To investigate the resource dynamic of four rare and important economic fish i.e. Myxocyprinus asiaticus, Lateolabrax maculatus, Siniperca chuatsi, Channa argus, 2 or 3 samples per month were collected using a stow net along the Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River from 2002 to 2013Totally 379 samples were collected, with the catch yield of 112 587 and 681 080.2 g in weight. The samples were classified into 14 orders, 28 families and 77 genera 119 species. 476 fish belong to the four rare and important economic fish, accounting for 4.23‰ of the total catch yield. This included 224 Siniperca chuatsi the most; followed by 121 Lateolabrax macultus, 96 Channa argus, and 35 Myxocyprinus asiaticus. The 379 samples, Siniperca chuatsi, Channa argus, Lateolabrax macultus and Myxocyprinus asiaticus were caught 93, 83, 38 and 21 times, respectively. The corresponding sample rate were 24.54%, 21.90%, 10.03% and 5.54%. According to IRI, Myxocyprinus asiaticus was a rare species, Lateolabrax macultus the general species, while Siniperca chuatsi and Channa argus were the common species. However, annual IRI data indicated that the general species Myxocyprinus asiaticus and Channa argus had become the dominant species in the past three years. Both species tended to increase in population size. Further analyses suggest that the closed fishing season from April to June could protect 31.43% of Myxocyprinus asiaticus, 29.75% of Lateolabrax macultus, 18.3% of Siniperca chuatsi and 26.04% of Channa argus juvenile fish in Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River. If the closed fishing season extended till September, the figures would increase to 48.57%, 94.21%, 92.86%, 68.75%, respectively.

Key words: Coastal region of the Yangtze River, Siniperca chuatsi, Myxocyprinus asiaticus, Resource dynamic, Resource protection

中图分类号:

S932.4

刘晓霞, 周天舒, 唐文乔. 长江近口段沿岸4种珍稀、重要鱼类的资源动态[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(04): 552-559.

LIU Xiao-xia, ZHOU Tian-shu, TANG Wen-qiao. RESOURCE DYNAMIC OF 4 SPECIES OF RARE IMPORTANT FISH IN COASTAL REGION OF THE JINGJIANG SECTION OF THE YANGTZE RIVER[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2016, 25(04): 552-559.

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