长江流域资源与环境 >> 2016, Vol. 25 >> Issue (12): 1850-1859.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201612008
郭弘艺1, 张旭光1, 唐文乔1, 李辉华1, 沈林宏2, 周天舒1, 刘东1
GUO Hong-yi1, ZHANG Xu-guang1, TANG Wen-qiao1, LI Hui-hua1, SHEN Lin-hong2, ZHOU Tian-shu1, LIU Dong1
摘要: 江苏靖江段位于长江近口段,是长江刀鲚渔汛最集中的水域。调查了靖江段2008、2009、2012~2015年6个渔汛期的捕捞数据,采用广义可加模型(GAM模型)分析了刀鲚捕捞量与靖江段表层水温、潮差、气压、降水量、浑浊度、CODMn等环境因子之间的相关性。调查显示,靖江段每年发放刀鲚专项渔业捕捞证84~95本,平均年作业天数28~43 d,2012~2015年的作业天数比2008~2009年明显下降。6个渔汛期刀鲚的年捕捞量变幅为3.71~17.38万尾和3.61~18.26 t,除2013年外,年捕捞量总体上仍呈下降趋势。采用GAM模型对10艘持证渔船的刀鲚日捕捞量与环境因子之间的相关性分析显示,日捕捞量随水温的升高而递增,汛期78.8%的产量在15~23.2℃水温范围获得。而当水温低于10℃时,空网率上升,仅获得5.7%的汛期产量。表明当水温不足10℃时,刀鲚可暂时停止其生殖洄游过程。分析还显示,69.1%的汛期产量在2.0 m以上的大潮差期获得,表明潮汐亦是影响刀鲚日捕捞量的重要因子。低浊度及气压、降水量、CODMn等对刀鲚的日捕捞量无显著性影响,但当浊度大于100 NTU时,日捕捞量迅速降低。可见,水温、潮差和高浑浊度是影响长江靖江段汛期刀鲚捕捞量的关键环境因子。
中图分类号:
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