鄱阳湖湿地土壤-植物-地下水稳定氧同位素组成分析

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201606016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来,鄱阳湖水位持续走低,极端干旱事件频繁发生,湿地生态系统结构与功能遭受破坏。为此,于2014年鄱阳湖湿地保护区两个断面分层采集0~100cm土壤,并采集优势种植物和河湖水以及地下水数据,运用稳定同位素技术,分析了土壤-植物-河湖水-地下水稳定同位素变化特征,并探寻它们之间的补给关系。结果表明,两断面土壤水氧同位素变化范围分别为–10.48‰~–5.23‰和–12.39‰~–6.55‰,算术平均值分别为–8.36‰和–8.63‰。断面一表层(0~30cm)土壤水氧重同位素较富集,且随深度增加而减小;断面二表层(0~40cm)土壤水中氧同位素组成基本无变化。断面一的地下水主要是受降水补给,断面二可能是受降水和河湖水共同补给。鄱阳湖湿地两断面优势种植物虉草叶片水的氧同位素值最大,为–0.9‰,其次是灰化苔草和芦苇,分别为–4.23‰和–5.25‰。

关键词: 稳定氧同位素, 水分补给, 鄱阳湖湿地

Abstract: Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China and is also the largest single area of habitat for migratory birds. The water level of Poyang Lake continues to decline, and extreme droughts have frequently occurred in recent years, so that the structure and function of the wetland ecosystem are destroyed. In this paper, stable oxygen isotopes were used as a tracer to identify composition of soil water, lake water, ground water and plant water. The focus was on characterizing the variation with depth of the stable oxygen isotope composition and identifying the main sources of oxygen in soil water profiles, groundwater and plant water, understanding the mechanisms of water movement among them. Soil water sampled at 10 cm intervals over the top 100 cm at two sites in the Poyang Lake wetland, and water samples collected from the plants, lake and river water and ground water were analyzed for stable oxygen isotope composition, to explore the recharge and discharge of relationship between them. The results indicate that the range of the stable oxygen isotope value of soil water from two sites varied from –10.48‰ to –5.23‰ and –12.39‰ to –6.55‰, respectively, average value of which were –8.36‰ and –8.63‰. The value of δ¹⁸O at depth of 0 to 30 cm at one site declined with increasing soil depth, however, the value of δ¹⁸O at depth of 0 to 40 cm at another site had unchanged with increasing soil depth. The value of δ¹⁸O of groundwater at one site was smaller than that of Xiu River, at another site was nearly close to that of the Gan River. Thus, the groundwater at one site was mainly influenced by precipitation, at another site by precipitation, lake and river water. The average value of δ¹⁸O of the domain plant Phalaris arundinacea Linn leave at two sites in Poyang Lake wetland were the largest, –0.9‰, Crex cinerascens, –4.23‰, and Phragmites Adans the smallest, –5.25‰. The value of δ¹⁸O of the same plant leave was different at different sample points at same site, maybe due to different characteristics of migration of primary elements such as Ca, Mg at different geomorphological positions(depression, slope) inducing the different impact on plant transpiration. This study provided reference data that could make a useful contribution to the assessment of ecosystem in the Poyang Lake.

Key words: stable oxygen isotope, water supply, Poyang Lake wetland

中图分类号:

S152.7

邓志民, 张翔, 张华, 潘国艳, 秦学全. 鄱阳湖湿地土壤-植物-地下水稳定氧同位素组成分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(06): 989-995.

DENG Zhi-min, ZHANG Xiang, ZHANG Hua, PAN Guo-yan, QIN Xue-quan. ANALYSIS OF STABLE OXYGEN ISOTOPE OF SOIL-PLANT-GROUNDWATER IN POYANG LAKE WETLAND[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2016, 25(06): 989-995.

参考文献

[1] 邓志民, 张翔, 罗蔚, 等. 鄱阳湖湿地苔草对水位变化的响应[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报, 2014, 22(5): 865-876. [DENG Z M, ZHANG X, LUO W, et al. Response of Poyang Lake wetland carex to the water level change[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2014, 22(5): 865-876.]
[2] 欧阳千林, 刘卫林. 近50年鄱阳湖水位变化特征研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2014, 23(11): 1545-1550. [OUYANG Q L, LIU W L. Variation characteristics of water level in Poyang Lake over 50 years[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2014, 23(11): 1545-1550.]
[3] 罗蔚, 张翔, 邓志民, 等. 近50年鄱阳湖流域入湖总水量变化与旱涝急转规律分析[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报, 2013, 21(5): 845-856. [LUO W, ZHANG X, DENG Z M, et al. Variation of the total runoff into Poyang Lake and drought-flood abrupt alternation during the past 50 years[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2013, 21(5): 845-856.]
[4] 刘小东, 任兵芳. 鄱阳湖低枯水位变化特征与成因探讨[J]. 人民长江, 2014, 45(4): 12-16. [LIU X D, REN B F. Analysis on variation characteristics and genesis of lower water level of Poyang Lake[J]. Yangtze River, 2014, 45(4): 12-16.]
[5] 刘元波, 赵晓松, 吴桂平. 近十年鄱阳湖区极端干旱事件频发现象成因初析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2014, 23(1): 131-138. [LIU Y B, ZHAO X S, WU G P. A primary investigation on the formation of frequent droughts in the Poyang Lake basin in recent decade[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2014, 23(1): 131-138.]
[6] YOU H L, XU L G, LIU G L, et al. Effects of inter-annual water level fluctuations on vegetation evolution in typical wetlands of Poyang Lake, China[J]. Wetlands, 2015, 35(5): 931-943.
[7] 胡振鹏, 葛刚, 刘成林. 鄱阳湖湿地植被退化原因分析及其预警[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(3): 381-386. [HU Z P, GE G, LIU C L. Cause analysis and early warning for wetland vegetation degradation in Poyang Lake[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2015, 24(3): 381-386.]
[8] DAWSON T E, EHLERINGER J R. Streamside trees that do not use stream water[J]. Nature, 1991, 350(6316): 335-337.
[9] PHILLIPS D L, GREGG J W. Source partitioning using stable isotopes: coping with too many sources[J]. Oecologia, 2003, 136(2): 261-269.
[10] MEIßNER M, KöHLER M, SCHWENDENMANN L, et al. Soil water uptake by trees using water stable isotopes (δ²H and δ¹⁸O)-a method test regarding soil moisture, texture and carbonate[J]. Plant and Soil, 2014, 376(1/2): 327-335.
[11] 张翔, 邓志民, 潘国艳, 等. 鄱阳湖湿地土壤水稳定同位素变化特征[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(22): 7580-7588. [ZHANG X, DENG Z M, PAN G Y, et al. Variation in stable isotope composition in soil water in Poyang Lake wetland[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(22): 7580-7588.]
[12] 胡春华, 姜加虎, 朱海虹. 蚌湖与鄱阳湖水位关系及滩地淹露分析[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 1997, 28(6): 617-623. [HU C H, JIANG J H, ZHU H H. Analysis on water-level relationships between Banghu depression and Poyang Lake and its submersion and emersion of bottomland[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1997, 28(6): 617-623.]
[13] WEST A G, PATRICKSON S J, EHLERINGER J R. Water extraction times for plant and soil materials used in stable isotope analysis[J]. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2006, 20(8): 1317-1321.
[14] 田日昌, 陈洪松, 宋献方, 等. 湘西北红壤丘陵区土壤水运移的稳定性同位素特征[J].环境科学, 2009, 30(9): 2747-2754. [TIAN R C, CHEN H S, SONG X F, et al. Characteristics of soil water movement using stable isotopes in red soil hilly region of northwest Hunan[J]. Environmental Science, 2009, 30(9): 2747-2754.]
[15] CLARK I D, FRITZ P. Environmental isotopes in hydrogeology[M]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press LLC, 1997.
[16] 吴建东, 刘观华, 金杰峰, 等. 鄱阳湖秋季洲滩植物种类结构分析[J]. 江西科学, 2010, 28(4):549-554. [WU J D, LIU G H, JIN J F, et al. Structure analysis of beach vegetation in Poyang Lake in autumn[J]. Jiangxi Science, 2010, 28(4): 549-554.]
[17] 胡豆豆, 欧阳克蕙, 戴征煌, 等. 鄱阳湖湿地灰化苔草草甸群落特征及多样性[J]. 草业科学, 2013, 30(6): 844-848. [HU D D, OUYANG K H, DAI Z H, et al. Investigation on community characteristics and α-diversity of Carex cinerascens meadow steppe in Poyang Lake wetland[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(6): 844-848.]
[18] BRISTOW K L, HORTON R. Modeling the impact of partial surface mulch on soil heat and water flow. Theoretical and applied climatology, 1996, 54(1/2): 85-98.
[19] 梁越. 鄱阳湖区蚌湖重金属及氮的生物地球化学与同位素示踪[D]. 南昌: 南昌大学博士学位论文, 2014. [LIANG Y. Biogeochemistry of heavy metal and nitrogen and isotopic tracing in Bang Lake (Poyang Lake)[D]. Nanchang: Doctor Dissertation of Nanchang University, 2014.]
[20] 赵惠萍, 张翔, 邓志民, 等. 鄱阳湖湿地降水氢氧稳定同位素特征分析[J]. 水资源研究, 2015, 4(3):257-264. [ZHAO H P, ZHANG X, DENG Z M, et al. The characteristics of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of atmospheric precipitation in Poyang Lake wetland[J]. Journal of Water Resources Research, 2015, 4(3): 257-264.]
[21] 李为, 刘彦, 余龙江, 等. 桂林岩溶试验场不同地貌部位主要元素迁移特征及与植物蒸腾作用的相关性[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2007, 26(1):55-58. [LI W, LIU Y, YU L J, et al. Characteristics of primary elements migration at different geomorphological positions and their correlation to plant transpiration in Guilin karst experimental site[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2007, 26(1): 55-58.]
[22] 段德玉, 欧阳华. 稳定氢氧同位素在定量区分植物水分利用来源中的应用[J]. 生态环境, 2007, 16(2): 655-660. [DUAN D Y, OUYANG H. Application of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope in analyzing plant water use sources[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2007, 16(2): 655-660.]
[23] 李修仓, 胡顺军, 李岳坦, 等. 干旱区旱生芦苇根系分布及土壤水分动态[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(2): 97-101. [LI X C, HU S J, LI Y T, et al. Study on the root distribution and soil water dynamics under Phragmites arid area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2008, 17(2): 97-101.]
[24] 朱海虹, 张本, 等著. 鄱阳湖-水文·生物·沉积·湿地·开发整治[M]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学出版社, 1997. [ZHU H H, ZHANG B, et al. Poyang lake-hydrology biology deposit wetland development and rehabilitation[M]. Hefei: China Science and Technology University Press, 1997.]
[25] BRUNEL J P, WALKER G R, WALKER C D, et al. Using stable isotopes of water to trace plant water uptake[M]//STEWART G R. Stable Isotopes in Plant Nutrition, Soil Fertility and Environmental Studies. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1991: 543-551.
[26] ALESSIO G A, DE L M, BRUGNOLI E, et al. Water sources and water-use efficiency in Mediterranean coastal dune vegetation[J]. Plant Biology, 2004, 6(3): 350-357.
[27] WHITE J W C. Stable Hydrogen isotope ratios in plants. A review of current theory and some potential applications[M]//RUNDEL P W, EHLERINGER J R, NAGY K A, et al. Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research. New York: Springer, 1989, 68: 142-162.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed