Abstract:  Employing panel data gathered from 1998-2015 in 30 provinces in China, adapting SuperSBM model to calculate agricultural water efficiency and relying on the observations of the dynamic and static evolution of agricultural water consumption and agricultural water efficiency, this article attempts to determine the impact of agricultural water efficiency on agricultural water consumption utilizing threshold panel regression model. The findings illustrate the periodical decrease in both agricultural water efficiency and agricultural water consumption in China. An effective approach to increase efficiency in agricultural water is to reduce agricultural water consumption since agricultural water efficiency has a significant threshold effect on reducing agricultural water consumption. The decreased efficiency in agricultural water efficiency in eastern area promotes agricultural water′s downscale, but the effect of resilience should not be overlooked. The agricultural water efficiency in central China reduces the increase in agricultural water consumption with its strengthening effect. Increased agricultural water efficiency in western China can promptly reduce agricultural water consumption with its diminishing effect. Additionally, agricultural water consumption can be reduced by enhancing peasants′ educational level, by enabling more coverage of green lands and by enlarging agricultural laborers′ population while excellent water resources endowment can increase agricultural water consumption.