长江流域资源与环境 >> 2019, Vol. 28 >> Issue (04): 928-938.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201904018

• 生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

赣江流域淡水贝类物种多样性及评估

杨丽敏1,刘雄军2,徐阳1,李科1,周宇1,谢志才3,吴小平1,2,欧阳珊1*#br#

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  1. (1.南昌大学生命科学学院,江西 南昌 330031;2.南昌大学资源环境与化工学院,江西 南昌 330031;
    3.中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北 武汉 430072)
  • 出版日期:2019-04-20 发布日期:2019-05-09

Species Diversity and Assessment of Freshwater Molluscks in the Gan River Basin

YANG Li-min1,LIU Xiong-jun2,XU Yang1,LI Ke1, ZHOU Yu1,XIE Zhi-cai3, WU Xiao-ping1, 2,OUYANG Shan1   

  1. (1. School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;2. School of Resource, Environment and 
    Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China)
  • Online:2019-04-20 Published:2019-05-09

摘要: 2016~2017年分4个季节对赣江流域的淡水贝类进行了系统调查,分析了赣江流域淡水贝类的物种组成、分布、区系相似性和物种受威胁因素,并提出相应保护对策。调查记录共记录淡水贝类2纲14科29属62种,包括江西螺类一新纪录种——卵圆仿雕石螺,其中腹足纲11科16属29种,双壳纲3科13属33种。中国特有种27种,分别为腹足纲6种,双壳纲21种;濒危物种23种,分别为腹足纲4种,双壳纲19种。从物种出现率看,河蚬、淡水壳菜、圆顶珠蚌、背角无齿蚌、铜锈环棱螺、梨形环棱螺、小管福寿螺为赣江流域的广布种。从区系相似性分析看,赣江干流和支流的淡水贝类分布差异较大,干流物种数明显高于支流。赣江流域淡水贝类资源受到人为活动(特别是挖沙作业、水体污染和过度捕捞)影响明显下降,应引起关注并加强保护。

Abstract: Species composition, distribution, fauna similarity and threatened factors of freshwater molluscks in the Gan River Basin were analyzed based on the systematic investigation from 2016 to 2017. In addition, we also provided some strategies to protect freshwater molluscks. The results showed that 62 species of freshwater molluscks were identified, belonged to 29 genera, 14 families and 2 classes, and included a new record species-Lithoglyphopsis ovatus. Among which that 29 species belonged to 16 genera and 11 families of Gastropoda, 33 species belonged to 13 genera and 3 families of Bivalvia. There were 27 endemic species to China(Gastropoda had 6 species and Bivalvia had 21 species), and 23 threatened species to China(Gastropoda had 4 species and Bivalvia had 19 species). From the frequency of occurrence of species, Corbicula fluminea, Limnoperna lacustris, Unio douglasiae, Anodonta woodiana woodiana, Bellamya aeruginosa, Bellamya purificata and Pomacea canaliculata were widely distributed in the Gan River Basin. From the perspective of fauna similarity analysis, distribution of freshwater molluscks between the main stem and tributary of the Gan River Basin was significantly different, and species richness of the main stem was higher than tributary. Due to the effect of human activities, especially sand mining, water pollution and overharvesting, freshwater molluscks resources in the Gan River Basin had declined rapidly, which should attract much attention and strengthen protection.

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