Abstract: Based on the PSR (Pressure-State-Response) model, the evaluation index system of poverty alleviation process in counties at deep poverty levels is constructed. The entropy method is used to quantitatively analyze and comprehensively evaluate the poverty alleviation process, such as poverty alleviation pressure, poverty alleviation and government response. This paper takes Sichuan Province as an example for empirical analysis. Results show that: (1) By 2020, the goal of alleviating poverty in Sichuan’s counties at deep poverty levels will have been achieved; (2) Counties at deep poverty levels are different in endowments to which poverty alleviation is closely related and in poverty-alleviating progress, and the poverty alleviation process showcases the distributional feature of “concentration and dispersion”. (3) Inside counties at deep poverty levels, the process of poverty alleviation is uneven. Poverty alleviation faces potential challenges. Counties with better endowments should accelerate the transition from poverty alleviation speed to poverty alleviation quality, and introduce risk identification and prevention mechanisms, while paying special attention to “temporary poverty alleviation” trap, as well as putting emphasis on stabilizing poverty alleviation, consolidating poverty alleviation outcomes and poverty alleviation quality. The Liangshan Yi Minority Area with weak endowments still needs to focus on poverty alleviation speed at this stage, relying on the pro-poor effect of economic development to break the deep-level poverty trap. While focusing on supporting counties at deep poverty levels, it is also necessary to subdivide the internal differences in this area, avoiding the “averageism” tendency and action convergence, and improving policy targeting.