长江流域资源与环境 >> 2019, Vol. 28 >> Issue (12): 2910-2920.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201912012

• 自然资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

金沙江下游巧家江段产漂流性卵鱼类早期资源研究

周湖海1,2#,田辉伍2#,何  春2,3,唐锡良4,樊寒冰4,陈大庆2,段辛斌2*,刘绍平2   

  1. (1.华中农业大学水产学院,湖北 武汉 430070;2.中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,湖北 武汉 430223;3.西南大学动物科技学院,重庆 400715;4.中国三峡建设管理有限公司,四川 成都 610023)
  • 出版日期:2019-12-20 发布日期:2019-12-10

Surveys for Resources of Drifting Eggs Fish at Early Life History Stages in the Qiaojia Section in the Lower Reaches of the Jinsha River

ZHOU Hu-hai1,2, TIAN Hui-wu2, HE Chun 2,3, TANG Xi-liang4, FAN Han-bing4,CHEN Da-qing2, DUAN Xin-bin2, LIU Shao-ping2   

  1. (1.College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan  430070, China; 2.Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science,Wuhan 430223,China; 3. College of Animal and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; 4.Three Gorges Construction Management Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610023, China)
  • Online:2019-12-20 Published:2019-12-10

摘要: 为掌握金沙江下游巧家江段产漂流性卵鱼类繁殖状况,为金沙江下游鱼类资源保护提供科学依据,于2017~2018年5~7月对金沙江下游巧家江段进行鱼类早期资源调查。结果表明,至少有14种(亚种)鱼类在金沙江下游江段繁殖,其中包括产漂流性卵鱼类 12 种,长江上游特有鱼类 7 种。两年调查期间,估算产漂流性卵鱼类的产卵量分别为6 949.73×104 ind 和11 056.17×104 ind,其中长江上游特有鱼类产卵量分别为3 861.44×104 ind和5 338.16×104 ind。监测期间累计出现 5 次产卵高峰(2017 年 2 次,2018年 3 次),合计产卵量为7 942.02×104 ind,占两年产卵总规模的 42.67%。采用Pearson 相关系数对鱼卵径流量与水环境因子进行分析,2018年水温与鱼卵径流量极显著正相关(P<0.01),圆口铜鱼、长薄鳅和中华金沙鳅等特有鱼类产卵高峰均出现在流速增长期。产卵场范围为巧家县至攀枝花市江段,2017年主要产卵场分别为巧家县、会泽、会东和皎平渡4个江段;2018新增加了武定江段。与历史调查结果比较,本次调查长江上游特有鱼类种类数量相对增多,产卵总量变化不显著,产卵江段相对更为分散。建议加强巧家江段产漂流性卵鱼类早期资源研究,尤其是特有物种人工繁殖技术研究,同时科学适宜地开展水利工程生态调度。

Abstract: In order to study the reproductive status of drifting egg-producing fish in the lower reaches of Jinsha River, and to provide scientific basis for the fish conservation, the fish resources surveys of early life history stage were carried out in the Qiaojia section, the lower reaches of the Jinsha River during May to July in 2017 and 2018. The results showed that there were at least 14 species (subspecies) of fish bred in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River, including 12 species with drifting egg and 7 endemic fishes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The amount of drifting eggs laid by fish was estimated 6 949.73×104  individual in 2017 and 11 056.17×104  ind. in 2018, among which 3 861.44×104 ind and 5 338.16×104  ind was produced by the endemic fishes, respectively. Five peaks of spawning activities (two in 2017 and three in 2018) were detected during the surveys, with a spawning amount of 7 942.02×104 ind, accounting for 42.67% of the total spawning scale in two years. Pearson Correlation analysis showed that the discharge of fish eggs was significantly and positively correlated with water temperature (p < 0.01) in 2018. The peaks of spawning activities for the endemic fish species such as Coreius guichenoti, Leptobotia elongata and Jinshaia sinensis all appeared when the flow velocity increased. The spawning grounds of fish with drifting eggs ranged from the reaches of Qiaojia County to Panzhihua City. Specifically, In 2017, the spawning sites mainly located in the reaches of Qiaojia County, Huize, Huidong and Jiaopingdu. Besides, Wuding section was found in 2018 as well.Compared with the previous results, our study indicated that the spawning egg abundance maintained stable and spawning grounds were more disperse in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River although the number of endemic fish species increased in our surveys.It is suggested that the study on resources of drifting eggs in the lower reaches of Jinsha River should be strengthened, especially on artificial propagation technology of endemic fish species. Meanwhile, ecological operation of dams should be conducted scientifically, which, particularly, are suitable to meet the demand of fish spawning in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River.

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