Abstract: Based on the survey data of farmers in Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai provinces, this paper empirically analyzes the influential effect of household borrowing and land scale on farmers′ willingness of land management, and analyzes the choice of farmers′ land management behavior from the perspective of differentiation. Results show that:(1) Household borrowing is an important inducement to stimulate farmers′ business demand for land management  and has a significant positive effect on the transfer of land management right.(2) The land scale has a significant influence on the transfer willingness of farmers′ land management right, which is different with the scale differentiation. Compared with small farmers, the medium farmers and large farmers have the strongest willingness to transfer out the land management right,but weakest willingness to transfer into it. (3) The land management income has the most sensitive positive effect on farmers′ land management willingness. It can be considered that the steady growth of land management income and the continuous improvement of its guarantee system are the basic support for farmers to engage in land management and development. This paper to a certain extent expands the theoretical explanation of economies of scale and efficiency in neoclassical economics, and provides effective references and suggestions for the agricultural development mode to promote the moderate scale of farmers’ land management and improve the comparative income.