Abstract: Based on the micro-survey data of 992 farmer households in Hubei Province obtained by the research team in 2017, taking the use of bio-natural gas as a clean energy as an example, this study explores the impact of livelihood capital on farmers’ willingness to consume clean energy, and the intermediary mechanism of diversified non-agricultural livelihood strategies in the impact of livelihood capital on farmers’ willingness to consume clean energy. In order to find out the internal livelihood driving factors that affect farmers' willingness to consume clean energy, and provide some policy implications for the transformation of rural energy consumption. The main results show that:(1) the material capital, financial capital and natural capital in livelihood capital are the main factors to promote farmers' willingness to consume clean energy.(2) Diversified non-agricultural livelihood strategies can play a partial intermediary role in the impact of livelihood capital on farmers' willingness to consume. Specifically, farmers with low natural capital but high financial capital choose diversified non-agricultural livelihood strategies to enhance their willingness to consume clean energy. The intermediary mechanism is established in the sample of local farmers, but has no significant impact on the sample of migrant farmers. Based on this, study puts forward relevant policy suggestions from the perspective of rural clean energy promotion and farmers' livelihood development to strengthen the docking of clean energy policy and farmers' livelihood improvement.