关键词: 洞庭湖区, 农业环境, 湖垸农业, 生态农业模式

Abstract: In this paper，issues of ecology and environment were discussed in relation to sustainable development, based on investigating history of embankment agriculture and reclamation around lake. The main issues of ecology and environment were the frequency of flood and waterlogged disaster, the area of water surface, the biodiversity, the pollution of environment, the ecological function of wetland, the soil degradation and gleyization, schistosome disease. According to the above issues of ecology and environment, following countermeasures of sustainable development was suggested at embankment region of Dongting Lake: reducing sediment deposition by ecological project, establishing new patterns that the disaster was avoided and decreased by adjusting the production structure of agriculture, developing ecoagriculture models such as planting economical aquatic crop include lotus root etc, by changing farmland as lake,planting industry raw material crop including rape, potato and flax etc, by associating with enterprise; developing agroforestry combination pattern with the main plant being wood at higher land that was flooded seasonally, using the characteristics of Euramerican poplar that tolerates flood and waterlogging, and popularizing the substitutive agricultural pattern of herbivore at lakefront grassland.

Key words: Dongting Lake region, embankment agriculture, the flood and waterlogged disaster, ecoagriculture models