城市化进程中的武汉市空气环境响应特征研究

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201506019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以武汉市2000~2013年数据为基础,构建了城市化综合水平和空气环境综合指数的评价指标体系,利用结构熵权法和响应度模型对城市化进程中的空气环境响应时序特征和整体响应强度进行了比较分析。结果表明:(1)2000年后武汉市城市化呈现快速增长态势,进入了一个快速增长时期;空气环境综合指数及其分量呈现不同的变化特征,综合指数呈波动中递增趋势;(2)空气环境综合指数及其分量对城市化有着不同的响应特征,其中,空气质量指数与综合指数由正响应转向负响应,2010年为拐点,表明近年来,武汉市空气环境压力变大,空气质量有恶化的趋势;(3)相同城市化进程中,空气环境质量的正向响应相对于空气负荷压力的减小具有不一致性和滞后性,2013年后的武汉市空气质量需要持久努力改善。城市空气环境质量改善是一个漫长的过程,需要在减小空气污染排放的压力同时,调整产业结构、节能减排,并要积极预防城市化扩张过程中的建设施工、道路、裸露地面等扬尘污染。

关键词: 城市化, 空气环境, 响应特征, 响应度, 武汉市

Abstract: Based on the urbanization and air environmental dates from 2000 to 2013 in Wuhan, this paper constructed a comprehensive level of evaluation index system of the urbanization and air environment. Through structure entropy weight method and response degree model, it comparatively analyzed the temporal response characteristics and total response intensity of air-environment in the process of the urbanization. The results indicates that firstly, Wuhan had entered a period of rapid growth of urbanization after 2000, the presence of air environment comprehensive index and its components presented different characteristics, comprehensive index presented increasing trend in fluctuation similar with the air quality index, while air pressure index trended to decrease and air environmental resilience index trended to strengthen. This means that firstly in the process of urbanization, the emissions of air pollution had controlled, air environment management level had improved. Secondly, air environment comprehensive index and its components of urbanization also had different response characteristics, among which, the air quality index and comprehensive index turned from the positive response to negative responses, and as the turning point, in 2010, Wuhan air environment pressure increased and the air quality had a tendency to deteriorate in recent years. These mainly due to the influence by PM₁₀ and NO₂, and the principal elements that make the air quality becoming poor are building construction dust, road dust, industrial waste gas pollution and motor vehicle exhaust. Thirdly, in the same process of urbanization, the positive response of air environmental quality, relative to the decrease of the load, was not consistent and hysteresis. Therefore, we need to take persistent efforts to improve air quality in Wuhan city. And it must be recognized that it is a long process to improving urban air quality of the environment. It is necessary to reduce the pressure of air pollution, at the same time, adjusting the industrial structure, increasing the energy-saving and emission reduction efforts. Simultaneously, we must actively prevent dust pollution in the expansion of urbanization that comes from constructions, road dust, et al.

Key words: urbanization, air environment, response characteristic, response degree, Wuhan

中图分类号:

F291

丁镭, 方雪娟, 赵委托, 程胜高. 城市化进程中的武汉市空气环境响应特征研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(06): 1038-1045.

DING Lei, FANG Xue-juan, ZHAO Wei-tuo, CHENG Sheng-gao. STUDY ON THE RESPONSIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR-ENVIRONMENT IN THE PROCESS OF URBANIZATION IN WUHAN[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2015, 24(06): 1038-1045.

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