“城郊乡”梯度下土壤Cu、Zn、Pb含量的空间变异特征

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201507018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为揭示城市化、工业化等人为活动对土壤环境质量的影响,选择能反映上海城郊乡梯度差异的中心城区、城郊结合部和远郊,采用地统计学方法对表层土壤样品Cu、Zn、Pb的空间变异结构和分布特征进行了对比分析。结果表明:城市土壤Pb、Cu、Zn的变异系数范围为0.24~0.62,均属中等变异强度。徐汇区土壤Cu、Pb、Zn符合正态分布,闵行区土壤Cu、Pb和Zn符合对数正态分布,奉贤区土壤Zn呈正态分布,土壤Cu、Pb符合对数正态分布。由中心城区到远郊,城市土壤Cu、Pb、Zn的各项统计特征值和变异系数均有较大差异,存在明显的空间分布差异。半方差函数分析结果表明,徐汇区作为中心城区,土壤Cu、Pb、Zn符合球状模型,土壤Cu、Zn具有强烈的空间相关性,土壤Pb具有明显的空间自相关。奉贤区以农业用地为主,土壤Pb符合线性模型,土壤Cu符合高斯模型,土壤Zn符合指数模型,具有强烈的空间相关性。闵行区地处城郊结合部,土壤Cu、Pb、Zn的半方差拟合模型均为线性模型,表现为纯块金形式,以随机变异为主,空间相关性弱。采用Kriging最优内插法进行无偏估值,绘制了表层土壤重金属含量的空间分布图,中心城区、城郊结合部、郊区土壤重金属的空间分布受城市化、工业化、城市交通等因素的影响,均表现出不同的空间分布规律。

关键词: 土壤重金属, 地统计学, 空间变异, 城市土壤, 城市化

Abstract: With rapid development of regional socio-economy, the accumulation and pollution of heavy metals in urban soils has become increasingly prominent. The study of distribution and sources of soil heavy metals can provide a theoretical basis to protect the ecological environment and construct suitable living environment. Soil heavy metals concentrations along the typical urban-rural gradient (City Center, Suburbs and Outer Suburbs) in Shanghai were analyzed to investigate the effect of urbanization and industrialization on soil environment quality. Spatial variation structure and distributions of soil heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) in the top soil along the urban-rural gradient were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and geostatistics were used to analyze the spatial variation structure and distributions of the 3 heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) in the top soil along the urban-rural gradient. The results showed that the coefficients of variation (CV) for Pb, Cu and Zn ranged between0.24 and 0.62, which demonstrated a moderate variation. The total content of Pb, Cu and Zn showed normal distributions in the Xuhui District, while showed log-normal distributions in the Minhang District. Zn showed normal distribution, while Pb and Cu showed log-normal distribution in the Fengxian District. From City Center to Outer Suburbs, the obvious variation exited in the spatial distribution of Cu, Pb and Zn. The results of semivariance analysis showed that Pb, Cu and Zn can be fitted with the spherical model, the strong spatial correlation for Cu, Zn and obvious spatial correlation for Pb exited in the Xuhui District as a fully urbanized area. Pb were fit with the linear model, Cu were fit with the Gaussian model and Zn were fitted with the exponential model, the strong spatial correlation for Pb, Cu and Zn exited in the Fengxian District with agriculture lands. Pb, Cu and Zn were fitted with the linear model, especially the pure nugget model, the strong randomness and the weak spatial correlation for Pb, Cu and Zn exited in suburbs, the Minhang District. The non-sampled locations were estimated and the spatial distribution maps of heavy metal content of the topsoil were obtained using the Kriging method. The results indicated that the spatial distribution of Pb, Cu and Zn content in City Center, Suburbs and Outer Suburbs were obviously different. The variation of soil Cu, Pb, and Zn were weakened and the structural factors of the spatial distribution were increased from the city center to the outer suburbs. The main influencing factors were urbanization, industrialization and traffic pollution.

Key words: soil heavy metals, geostatistics, spatial variability, urban soil, urbanization

中图分类号:

柳云龙, 章立佳, 庄腾飞, 韩晓非, 卢小遮. “城郊乡”梯度下土壤Cu、Zn、Pb含量的空间变异特征[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(07): 1207-1213.

LIU Yun-long, ZHANG Li-jia, ZHUANG Teng-fei, HAN Xiao-fei, LU Xiao-zhe. SPATIAL VARIABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL Cu,Zn AND Pb IN GRADIENT URBAN-TRANSECT[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2015, 24(07): 1207-1213.

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