气候变化下汉江上游林地植被生态需水量的时空演变

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201604007

长江流域资源与环境 >> 2016, Vol. 25 >> Issue (04): 580-589.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201604007

气候变化下汉江上游林地植被生态需水量的时空演变

史超^1,2, 夏军^1,2, 佘敦先^1,2, 万蕙^1,2, 黄金凤^1,2

1. 武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430072;
2. 水资源安全保障湖北省协同创新中心, 湖北武汉 430072

收稿日期:2015-07-06 修回日期:2015-09-15 出版日期:2016-04-20
作者简介:史超(1991~),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为水文模型和生态水文研究.E-mail:zkyshichao@foxmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51279139)“流域水文极端事件时空演变特征及其对气候变化的影响机理”;国家自然科学基金项目(51279140)“气候变化背景下海河流域水资源脆弱性与适应研究”

TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATION OF ECOLOGICAL WATER REQUIREMENT OF FORESTS IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE HANJIANG BASIN UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

SHI Chao^1,2, XIA Jun^1,2, SHE Dun-xian^1,2, WAN Hui^1,2, Huang Jin-feng^1,2

1. State key laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, No.8 Donghu South Road, Wuhan 430072, China;
2. Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Resources Security, Wuhan University, No.8 Donghu South Road, Wuhan 430072, China

Received:2015-07-06 Revised:2015-09-15 Online:2016-04-20
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (51279139)“The Research of the Valley Extreme Hydrological Event Space-Time Evolution Feature and its Response Mechaism to the Climate Change”; National Natural Science Foundation of China (51279140)“Study on Water Resources Vulnerability and its Adaptive Managementin Hai River Basin under the Climate Change”

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究气候变化下林地植被生态需水量的时空变化,对于保护涵养水源的林地植被系统,合理规划管理流域水资源有着重要作用。以汉江上游流域11个气象站点1971~2010年的气象资料为依据,采用结合^[1]土壤含水量与植物类型修正蒸散发量得到植被生态需水量的方式,从时空角度定量研究了在生长季4~10月份流域林地植被生态需水量及其趋势性变化,并且分析了生态需水量对各气象因子变化的敏感性程度。结果表明:汉江上游流域林地植被多年平均生长季生态需水量为6.915 8×10⁹ m³,整体上呈现非显著性增加趋势,在空间分布上具有明显的地带性特征。生态需水量对不同气象因子有不同程度的敏感性:最高温度> 水汽压> 太阳辐射> 风速> 最低温度,生态需水量对各气象因子敏感程度的地带性分布特征还与各区域的纬度、海拔、植被类型和下垫面情况有关。

关键词: 生态需水量, 林地植被, 气象因子, 趋势性, 敏感性, 汉江上游流域

Abstract:

The study of temporal and spatial variation of ecological water requirement of forests under climate change plays an important role in effectively protecting water conserving forest and vegetation system, rational planning and managing basin water resources.With thedata of 11 meteorological stations in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang Basin from 1971 to 2010, this paper quantitatively studied the temporal and spatial variation of ecological water requirementof forests in this basin and its trend in the growing season from April to October based on the methodthat the ecological water requirement is calculated with evapotranspiration corrected by combinating the soil moisture and plant types. The paper also analyzed the sensitivity degree of the ecological water requirement to the changes of meteorological factors. Results showed that the annual average ecological water requirementof forests in the growing season in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River Basin was 6.9158 × 10⁹m³ and it had aninsignificant increasing trend overall and a distinct zonal characteristics in spatial distribution. The order of sensitivity degree of ecological water requirement to meteorological factors, from the highest to lowest, was maximum temperature, vapor pressure, solar radiation, winds and lowest temperature respectively. Furthermore, the distribution characteristics of the sensitivity is influenced by the regional latitude, altitude,vegetation type and underlying surface.

Key words: Ecologicalwaterrequirement, Forest vegetation, Meteorological factors, Trend, Sensitivity, the upper reaches ofthe Hanjiang Basin

中图分类号:

P463

史超, 夏军, 佘敦先, 万蕙, 黄金凤. 气候变化下汉江上游林地植被生态需水量的时空演变[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(04): 580-589.

SHI Chao, XIA Jun, SHE Dun-xian, WAN Hui, Huang Jin-feng. TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATION OF ECOLOGICAL WATER REQUIREMENT OF FORESTS IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE HANJIANG BASIN UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2016, 25(04): 580-589.

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