Abstract: Using spatial data of PM_2.5 emissions and concentrations, this study examined their spatial distribution and the temporal-spatial changes in multi-scales, elevated their relationship both quantitatively and qualitatively, and analyzed regional inequity through their relationship. Main conclusions are drawn: total PM_2.5 emissions in China were increasing between 1970-2015, while, the decreasing trend occurred in periods 1998-2001 and 2012-2015; PM_2.5 concentrations also increased between 1998-2016, but with obvious fluctuations compared with the emissions; In different studied periods, annual changes of PM_2.5 emissions and concentrations have significant differences; during 1998-2012, there existed obvious correlations between PM_2.5 emissions and concentrations at provincial scale, while, for annual changes within different periods and regions, their changing trends did not match each other well; There existed obvious differences for distribution pattern for regional inequity analysis based on PM_2.5 emissions and concentrations. Generally, many provinces along the east and south coastline had taken advantages, while, many provinces in China’s inland area of north and northwest were under inferiority.