Abstract: Converting farmers′ cultivated land protection willingness into behavior, and unifying their willingness and behavior, is one of the effective measures to solve the problem of cultivated land protection. In this paper, the theory of social embeddedness is applied to farmers' cultivated land protection. Firstly use Logit model to measure the degree of social embedded factors influencing farmers′ cultivated land protection willingness and behavior paradox, and then use interpretive structural model to further analyze the relationship and hierarchy between the various factors. The results show that: (1) Farmers′ education level, employment status, percentage of agricultural income, arable land area, policy propaganda, economic output value cognition, social security value cognition, interpersonal trust, institutional trust, strong connection network have a significant impact on the occurrence mechanism of paradox between farmers′ cultivated land protection willingness and behavior. (2) The education level, employment status, cultivated land area and policy propaganda are deep-rooted factors. These root factors affect the percentage of agricultural income, interpersonal trust, institutional trust and strong connection network. Economic output value cognition, social security value cognition are the direct surface factors that directly drive the occurrence of paradox between farmers′ cultivated land protection willingness and behavior.