Abstract: A good ecological environment is the universal welfare of people's livelihood. Accurate identification of the influential factors of ecological environment quality in townships is conducive to support the improvement of ecological environment quality. At present, there is a lack of research on the socio-economic influential factors of ecological environment quality at the township (street) scale, and less attention is paid to the spatial heterogeneity of the influential factors. Therefore, we first evaluated and analyzed the spatial distribution of the ecological environment quality condition of each township in Jiangsu Province by using the ecological environment quality index observed by remote sensing technology. Then, the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model was used to quantify the spatial heterogeneity of the socio-economic influential factors affecting the ecological environment quality. Finally, relevant policy recommendations were suggested. The results showed that: (1) Based on the method of Jenks natural breaks classification, most townships in Jiangsu Province had medium ecological environment quality ratings. Townships with high ecological environment quality index were located in the west, and the ones with low index in the east and south. (2) There is a significant spatial autocorrelation in the ecological environment quality index distribution, with the core hot spot area expanding outward around Taihu Lake, Hongze Lake, and Gaoyou Lake, the three largest lakes in Jiangsu Province. (3) Ecological environment quality in most townships (streets) positively correlated with the number of employees in technical industry enterprises, the average tertiary industry GDP, the proportion of villages with the centralized garbage disposal, and the total power of agricultural machinery, while negatively correlated with population density and GDP per capita. The socio-economic factors demonstrated a significant spatial heterogeneity, implying the necessity of formulating regional-specific ecological environmental protection strategies and measures.