长江流域资源与环境 >> 2014, Vol. 23 >> Issue (03): 351-.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201403007

• 生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

浙江北部低洼田湿地农业种养结合模式的环境效应

沈亚强|姚祥坦|张红梅|王润屹|徐素琴|程旺大   

  1. (浙江省嘉兴市农业科学研究院|浙江 嘉兴 314016)
  • 出版日期:2014-03-20

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF INTEGRATED CROPFISH #br# FARMING SYSTEMS FOR LOWLYING WETLAND #br# IN THE NORTH OF ZHEJIANG PROVINCE

SHEN Yaqiang|YAO Xiangtan|ZHANG Hongmei|WANG Runyi|XU Suqin|CHENG Wangda   

  1. (Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences|Zhejiang Province|Jiaxing 314016|China)
  • Online:2014-03-20

摘要:

浙江北部地区地势低洼,种粮易涝,严重制约当地农业的发展。2010年以来,作为湿地农业农作制度的创新,“水生作物鱼类”种养结合模式在当地得到迅速发展。为了完善种养高效综合配套技术,在嘉兴市秀洲区3个农场开展了不同种养模式(藕鱼和菱鱼模式)的对比试验,对池塘水质、底质特征以及大气负氧离子浓度进行了分析。结果表明种养结合模式对池塘水质有一定改善作用。虽然养殖鱼类后水体有机污染有一定程度加重,但由于水生作物的吸收作用,使得水体氮磷含量明显降低。与菱鱼模式相比,鱼塘种植莲藕后,对水质的改善效果更为明显。对底质的分析表明,鱼塘种植水生作物后,底泥中速效钾含量增加明显,尤其是在种植莲藕后。另外,由于施用化肥以及当年不收割引起的藕叶、茎杆等腐烂分解,使得藕鱼模式池塘底泥中速效磷和总氮含量大幅增加,分别增加329.1% 和361.9%。对种养结合区域大气负氧离子浓度测定结果表明,种养结合开发利用有利于改善周边区域空气质量

Abstract:

 Integrated cropfish farming systems,such as the ricefish farming have been practiced for centuries in China The integration of aquaculture with crop farming offers greater efficiency in resource utilization and provides additional food and income In the north of Xiuzhou District of Jiaxing City,Zhejiang Province,there was a wide area of lowlying wetlands because of the land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation The permanently flooded fields were not suitable to grain planting,so the agricultural economy development in this area was seriously restricted In 2010,the Xiuzhou District government,Wangjiangjing town government and Jiaxing Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center developed comprehensive utilization of the lowlying wetland resources for aquaculture and aquatic crop planting As an innovation of integrated farming systems,the trapafish (such as trapaloach and trapaChinese softshelled turtle) and lotusfish (such as lotusChinese softshelled turtle and lotusChinese snakehead fish) integrated patterns have been gradually formed in recent two years At the same time,nine integrated cropfish farming forms have been established in these study areas To improve and perfect the highefficiency complementary technologies for integrated cropfish farming systems,a comparative experiment (lotusfish and trapafish ) was carried out in three farms located in Xiuzhou District of Jiaxing City The water quality,sediment characteristics and negative oxygen ion concentrations were analyzed The results showed that the water quality was improved under the cropfish integrated forms compared with their monoculture system The concentrations of organic pollutants in water increased under the fish farming,however,the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus decreased because of the accumulation by the aquatic crops Compared with the monoculture system,the water quality of integrated cropfish farming system was significantly improved The chemical oxygen demand,biochemical oxygen demand in 5 days,algal concentration and nitrogen and phosphorus concentration were all decreased Compared with the integrated trapafish farming system,the integrated lotusfish farming system had a more positive effect on the water quality The chemical oxygen demand,biochemical oxygen demand in 5 days and nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of lotusfish integrated model were all decreased,while the chemical oxygen demand,biochemical oxygen demand in 5 days of trapafish coculture model were increased The analysis of sediment characteristics showed that the available potassium contents in sediment had a significant increase after implementing the combination of aquatic crops planting and fish farming,especially the integrated lotusfish farming system Meanwhile,as a result of necessary fertilization and decomposition of leaf,the available phosphorus and total nitrogen of sediment in integrated lotusfish system increased by 3291% and 3619% respectively The negative oxygen ion concentrations above the area of aquatic cropfish coculture were measured The results showed that the air quality was improved under the cropfish integrated system

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