Abstract: The environmental problem of industrial agglomeration is a hot topic in academic research in recent years. From the perspective of tourism industry agglomeration, the panel data and spatial panel measurement model of 31 cities in the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river from 2005 to 2016 were used to explore the impact of tourism industry agglomeration on ecological efficiency and spatial heterogeneity, the results showed that: The overall ecological efficiency of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river is on the rise, with significant internal imbalance. The ecological efficiency of Wuhan Metropolitan area is the highest, followed by urban agglomeration around Poyang Lake and Urban Agglomeration around Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan.Regional ecological efficiency has a strong spatial linkage and dependence, and is affected by spatial spillover effect. On the whole, the influence of tourism industry agglomeration on ecological efficiency is u-shaped, and the influence of different stages of tourism industry agglomeration on ecological efficiency is obviously different. Regionally, tourism industry agglomeration in Wuhan Metropolitan area and Urban Agglomeration around  Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan  has a significant positive effect on the improvement of ecological efficiency, while tourism industry agglomeration in Poyang Lake area has no significant effect on the improvement of ecological efficiency.