Abstract: To examine the spatial distribution patterns of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) and driving factors in the Jinsha River Basin in North China, 54 sampling sites were set up along the river, and 5 samples of aquatic sediment and 5 samples of terrestrial soil were taken from each sampling site. The NTF strains were isolated, purified, and identified using conventional pure culture techniques along with morphological and molecular biology techniques. 540 samples were collected and a total of 567 strains, classified into 29 species and 3 genera, were isolated. The upstream stream included 79 strains, which were classified into 16 species from 2 genera; the middle stream contained 205 strains, which were classified into 18 species from 2 genera; and the downstream contained 283 strains, which were classified into 21 species from 3 genera. From upstream to lower, NTF detection rates and species richness increased. Terrestrial soil had 354 strains classified into 23 species from 3 taxa, and aquatic silt included 213 strains classified into 22 species from 2 genera. In comparison to aquatic sediment, terrestrial soil had greater detection rates and species richness of NTF. (1) Among the geographical environmental factors, both longitude, latitude and altitude had significant effects on the species richness and detection rate of NTF (P<0.05).(2) Under phenological conditions, the average annual temperature had significant effects on species richness and detection rate of NTF (P<0.05), while average annual rainfall had no significant effects on species richness and detection rate of NTF (P>0.05).（3) In terms of soil physical and chemical properties, soil pH, total potassium and total phosphorus had extremely significant effects on species richness (P<0.01), soil total phosphorus, total potassium and organic matter had significant effects on species detection rate (P<0.05), while soil total nitrogen had no significant effects on species distribution of NTF (P>0.05).Geographical factors, phenological conditions and soil physicochemical factors all jointly drive the formation of this pattern to different degrees.