Abstract: Promoting the rapid growth of farmers’ income and constantly improving their living standards are the fundamental purposes of implementing a of rural revitalization strategy. As the core element of modern agricultural development, exploring the relationship between agricultural information technology and farmers’ income and consumption is of great significance to promote the construction of “digital countryside” and achieve the goal of rural revitalization strategy. The study further considered the moderating effect of farmers’ cognitive differences. The study shows that： (1) Agricultural informatization lowers farmers’ living expenses while increasing their income level, and the effect of agricultural informatization application level is more obvious. (2) Farmers’ cognition plays a moderating role in the influence of agricultural information technology on farmers’ income and expenditure. Specifically, a higher level of cognition significantly increases the effect of agricultural information technology on their income and reduces the negative correlation between agricultural information technology and farmers’ consumption. (3) Information recognition and information concern are positive moderating variables affecting the relationship between agricultural informatization applications and farmers’ income, while farmers’ cognition and its three sub-dimensions all assume a negative moderating role in the process of agricultural informatization applications affecting their consumption levels, and are only negatively moderated by farmers’ content trust in the process of agricultural informatization facilities construction affecting farmers’ expenditures. Therefore, local governments should play the role of social public resource allocation to accelerate the construction of rural information infrastructure, while strengthening farmers’ digital literacy and skills training and improving rural digital governance, so as to drive up farmers’ income and consumption levels and provide strong support for promoting agricultural and rural modernization and realizing rural revitalization strategy.