黑水河下游鱼类资源现状及其保护措施

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201706007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解白鹤滩蓄水运行前黑水河下游鱼类资源的现状、受到的主要威胁及其保护措施，于2014年1~12月在黑水河下游干支流江段采用电捕法进行了渔获物调查。结果显示：12个月共调查发现鱼类28种，隶属于3目8科23属，其中喜流水生境、产粘沉性卵、以着生藻类或/和底栖动物为食物的鱼类种类较多；调查区域鱼类个体规格普遍较小，其中齐口裂腹鱼Schizothorax prenanti、短体副鳅Paracobitis potanini、红尾副鳅Paracobitis varigatus、短须裂腹鱼Schizothorax wangchiachii、前鳍高原鳅Triplophysa anterodorsalis、中华纹胸鮡Glyptothorax sinense和凹尾拟鲿Pseudobagrus emarginatus为调查区域的主要经济鱼类；上半年和下半年的渔获物结构在统计学上差异显著（R=0.81，p=0.1%<0.05），鱼类在金沙江干流和黑水河下游之间的相互迁徙比较明显；CPUE呈现先波动下降然后逐月上升的趋势，其中10月份的CPUE最低；丰度生物量比较曲线显示2014年各月的渔获物结构均处于严重干扰状态。黑水河下游河道采砂以及过度捕捞是白鹤滩蓄水前影响黑水河下游鱼类资源的主要因素，建议通过控制采砂的江段、采砂的时间以及全面禁捕保护该区域的鱼类资源。

关键词: 黑水河, 鱼类资源, 渔获物结构, 丰度生物量比较曲线, 采砂, 过度捕捞

Abstract: In order to better understand the status, main threats and conservation measures of fish resources of the lower reaches of Heishui River before the operation of the Baihetan hydropower station, a catch survey using the electrofishing equipment was conducted monthly from January to December in 2014. The results showed that:a total of 28 species of fish belonging to 3 orders, 8 families and 23 genera were collected during the 12 months, among them many fish species were the ones that prefer to running water, spawn the sticky and demersal egg and feed mainly on periphyton or/and benthic organism. The fish individuals were generally dominated by small size ones and the main economic fishes in the investigated area were Schizothorax prenanti, Paracobitis potanini, Paracobitis varigatus, Schizothorax wangchiachii, Triplophysa anterodorsalis, Glyptothorax sinense and Pseudobagrus emarginatus. The catch structures between the first half and the second half of this year were statistically significant (R=0.81, p<0.05) and the mutual migration between the mainstream of the Jinsha River and the lower reaches of the Heishui River was obvious. The values of the catch per unit effort (CPUE) firstly displayed fluctuated decline and then showed a monthly increasing trend, and the value of CPUE on October was lowest among 12 months. The abundance biomass comparison curves showed that the catch structure were in a state of severe disturbance in the months of 2014. Before the filling of the Baihetan Reservoir, the sand extraction and overfishing were the main factors that affected the fish resources of the lower reaches of Heishui River, thereby the protection measures including the controls for the sections and times of sand extraction and the comprehensive fishing ban in the lower reaches of the Heishui River should be applied for protecting the fish resources of this region.

Key words: Heishui River, fish resource, catch structure, abundance biomass comparison curve, sand extraction, overfishing

中图分类号:

S932.4

杨志, 龚云, 董纯, 唐会元, 乔晔. 黑水河下游鱼类资源现状及其保护措施[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(06): 847-855.

YANG Zhi, GONG Yun, DONG Chun, TANG Hui-yuan, QIAO Ye. FISH RESOURCE STATUS OF THE LOWER REACHES OF THE HEISHUI RIVER AND THE MEASURES FOR THEIR CONSERVATION[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2017, 26(06): 847-855.

参考文献

[1] 张雄, 刘飞, 林鹏程, 等. 金沙江下游鱼类栖息地评估和保护优先级研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2014, 23(4):496-503.[ZHANG X, LIU F, LIN P C, et al. Habitat assessment and conservation priority for fishes in the lower Jinsha River[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2014, 23(4):496-503.]
[2] 孙嘉宁. 白鹤滩水库回水支流黑水河的鱼类生境模拟研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文, 2013.[SUN J N. Fish habitat simulation of the Heishui River-the backwater tributary of Baihetan reservoir[D]. Hangzhou:Master Dissertation of Zhejiang University, 2013.]
[3] 傅菁菁, 黄滨, 芮建良, 等. 生境模拟法在黑水河鱼类栖息地保护中的应用[J]. 水生态学杂志, 2016, 37(3):70-75.[FU J J, HUANG B, RUI J L, et al. Application of habitat simulation to fishery habitat protection in Heishui River[J]. Journal of Hydroecology, 2016, 37(3):70-75.]
[4] 刘建康, 曹文宣. 长江流域的鱼类资源及其保护对策[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 1992, 1(1):17-23.[LIU J K, CAO W X. Fish resources of the Yangtze River Basin and the tactics for their conservation[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 1992, 1(1):17-23.]
[5] 刘良国, 杨品红, 杨春英, 等. 湖南境内澧水鱼类资源现状与多样性研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2013, 22(9):1165-1171.[LIU L G, YANG P H, YANG C Y, et al. Status and diversity of fish resources of the Lishui River in Hunan province[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2013, 22(9):1165-1171.]
[6] 吴金明, 赵海涛, 苗志国, 等. 赤水河鱼类资源的现状与保护[J]. 生物多样性, 2010, 18(2):162-168.[WU J M, ZHAO H T, MIAO Z G, et al. Status and conservation of fish resources in the Chishui River[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2010, 18(2):162-168.]
[7] 陈锋, 赵先富, 赵进勇, 等. 瓯江鱼类资源调查及保护对策[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2012, 21(8):934-941.[CHEN F, ZHAO X F, ZHAO J Y, et al. Investigation of fish resources in the Oujiang River and its protection strategy[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2012, 21(8):934-941.]
[8] 丁瑞华. 四川鱼类志[M]. 成都:四川科学技术出版社, 1994.[DING R H. The fishes of Sichuan, China[M]. Chengdu:Sichuan Publishing Press of Science and Technology, 1994.]
[9] 杨少荣. 长江流域鱼类群落生态学研究[D]. 武汉:中国科学院水生生物研究所博士学位论文, 2012.[YANG S R. Fish community ecology in the Yangtze River Basin[D]. Wuhan:Doctor Dissertation of Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2012.]
[10] CLARKE K R, WARWICK R M. Change in marine communities:an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation[M]. 2nd ed. Plymouth:PRIMER-E, 2001.
[11] MAJEWSKI A R, LYNN B R, LOWDON M K, et al. Community composition of demersal marine fishes on the Canadian Beaufort Shelf and at Herschel Island, Yukon Territory[J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 2013, 127:55-64.
[12] WARWICK R M, CLARKE K R. Relearning the ABC:taxonomic changes and abundance/biomass relationships in disturbed benthic communities[J]. Marine Biology, 1994, 118(4):739-744.
[13] 唐会元, 杨志, 高少波, 等. 金沙江下游巧家江段鱼类生物多样性及群落结构的年际动态[J]. 水生态学杂志, 2014, 35(6):7-15.[TANG H Y, YANG Z, GAO S B, et al. Annual dynamics of fish biodiversity and community structure in the non-impounded reaches of the lower Jinsha River:case study of the Qiaojia section[J]. Journal of Hydroecology, 2014, 35(6):7-15.]
[14] 李艳慧, 严云志, 朱仁, 等. 基于河流网络体尺度的皖河河源溪流鱼类群落的空间格局[J]. 中国水产科学, 2014, 21(5):988-999.[LI Y H, YAN Y Z, ZHU R, et al. Spatial variations in fish assemblages within the headwater streams of the Wanhe watershed:a river network-based approach[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2014, 21(5):988-999.]
[15] EVANS J W, NOBLE R L. The longitudinal distribution of fishes in an east Texas stream[J]. The American Midland Naturalist, 1979, 101(2):333-343.
[16] 杨刚. 长江口鱼类群落结构及其与重要环境因子的相关性[D]. 上海:上海海洋大学硕士学位论文, 2012.[YANG G. Fish community structure in the estuary of the Yangtze River and its relationship with important environmental factors[D]. Shanghai:Master Dissertation of Shanghai Ocean University, 2012.]
[17] 汪振华, 王凯, 赵静, 等. 枸杞岛潮下带沙地生境鱼类群落结构和季节变化[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(5):1332-1342.[WANG Z H, WANG K, ZHAO J, et al. Fish community structure and its seasonal change in subtidal sandy beach habitat off southern Gouqi Island[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(5):1332-1342.]
[18] 杨少荣, 高欣, 马宝珊, 等. 三峡库区木洞江段鱼类群落结构的季节变化[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2010, 16(4):555-560.[YANG S R, GAO X, MA B S, et al. Seasonal dynamics of fish community in Mudong section of the Three Gorges Reservoir of the Yangtze River, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied & Environmental Biology, 2010, 16(4):555-560.]
[19] QUINN J W, KWAK T J. Fish assemblage changes in an Ozark river after impoundment:a long-term perspective[J]. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 2003, 132(1):110-119.
[20] WILLIAMS N. Overfishing disrupts entire ecosystems[J]. Science, 1998, 279(5352):809.
[21] DE JONG M F, BAPTIST M J, VAN HAL R, et al. Impact on demersal fish of a large-scale and deep sand extraction site with ecosystem-based landscaped sandbars[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2014, 146:83-94.
[22] 陈大庆, 段辛斌, 刘绍平, 等. 长江渔业资源变动和管理对策[J]. 水生生物学报, 2002, 26(6):685-690.[CHEN D Q, DUAN X B, LIU S P, et al. On the dynamics of fishery resources of the Yangtze River and its management[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2002, 26(6):685-690.]
[23] FAN X G, WEI Q W, CHANG J B, et al. A review on conservation issues in the upper Yangtze River-a last chance for a big challenge:can Chinese paddlefish (Psephurus gladius), Dabryxs sturgeon, (Acipenser dabryanus) and other fish species still be saved?[J]. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2006, 22(S1):32-39.
[24] 茹辉军, 张燕, 李云峰, 等. 雅砻江支流安宁河鱼类群落组成及资源现状[J]. 水生态学杂志, 2016, 37(5):68-74.[RU H J, ZHANG Y, LI Y F, et al. Community composition and status of fish resources in Anning River[J]. Journal of Hydroecology, 2016, 37(5):68-74.]
[25] SÁ-OLIVEIRA J C, HAWES J E, ISAAC-NAHUM V J, et al. Upstream and downstream responses of fish assemblages to an eastern Amazonian hydroelectric dam[J]. Freshwater Biology, 2015, 60(10):2037-2050.
[26] SUTHERLAN A B, MEYER J L, GARDINER E P. Effects of land cover on sediment regime and fish assemblage structure in four southern Appalachian streams[J]. Freshwater Biology, 2002, 47(9):1791-1805.
[27] WANG C, KYNARD B, WEI Q, et al. Spatial distribution and habitat suitability indices for non-spawning and spawning adult Chinese sturgeons below Gezhouba Dam, Yangtze River:effects of river alterations[J]. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2013, 29(1):31-40.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed