Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the evolution of farmland landscape in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, which helped to interpret the status of the farmland utilization from the regional level and provide important reference for the protection of farmland and ecological environment. Based on the method of landscape pattern index analysis and mathematical statistics, the changes of farmland landscape during 1995-2014 were studied by analyzing 10 landscape indices at class level and landscape level. In this study, we selected three spatial scales: urban agglomeration, province and basin. The results showed that: (1) From 1995 to 2014, the total farmland area decreased significantly in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river, and the average rate was 30821 km2/a. Among them, the average reduction rate of Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi was 18003, 4819 and 5616 km2/a; the average reduction rate of Wuhan Urban Agglomeration, ChangZhuTan Urban Agglomeration and Poyang Urban Agglomeration was 18003, 4819 and 5616 km2/a, respectively. (2) The direction and extent of farmland landscape changes were quite different in Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi. The connectivity of farmland in Hunan showed an increasing trend during 1995-2005 while decreasing during 2005-2014, and the landscape fragmentation first ascended and then descended throughout the study period, contrary to the variation in Hubei and Jiangxi in this two periods. In addition, the changes in connectivity and fragmentation of landscapes in Hunan were most dramatic. (3) The direction and extent of farmland landscape changes differed in several aspects in three urban agglomerations. With the rapid development of industrialization, the landscape of ChangZhuTan Urban Agglomeration changed dramatically, and its degree of variability well beyond the other two urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river. (4) The quantity, area, aggregation degree and diversity of farmland landscape were significantly different in each scale. As the key development area in the province, the landscape pattern and its change of the urban agglomeration were roughly the same as those of the provinces where they are located