Abstract: The assessment of wetland importance is a basic work of effective management of wetland ecosystem functions. The identification of wetland functional elements is a prerequisite for scientific and objective assessment of the protection value and the importance of wetlands. At the same time, it is an important basis for identifying wetland protection sites and strengthening the effective management of wetland protection sites. Combined with the characteristics of the wetland in Anhui Province, the entropy weight method was used to select 22 indicators from 9 aspects, which including the necessity, rarity, and their regulatory functions and resource functions of the wetland, constructed an index system for the evaluation of the importance of the wetland in Anhui Province. According to the natural fracture method, the wetland in Anhui Province were divided into extremely important, highly important, important and generally important wetlands. At the same time, the principal component analysis method was used to analyze the factors affecting the importance of wetlands. The results show as fellows: The evaluation score of the importance of wetlands in Anhui Province ranges from 0.974 1 to 6.558 8, of which the extremely important wetlands (4.027 1 to 6.558 8) are mostly distributed mainly in the Yangtze River and Huaihe River basins, with an area of about 503 thousand hm ², accounting for the wetlands in the study area 48.29% of the area, highly important wetlands (2.404 9~4.027 0) is about 132 500 hm ², more important wetlands (1.435 1~2.404 8) are about 181 700 hm ², and generally important wetlands (0.974 1~1.435 0) are about 224 000 hm ², scattered sporadically throughout the province; Wetland bird resources, the number of key national protected species, water resources, water quality, and the nature of wetlands are the main influencing factors of the importance of wetlands in Anhui Province. The established evaluation index system and evaluation results could provide a theoretical basis for the protection of wetland protection value, priority establishment of construction and management of grade division in Anhui Province.