Abstract: Abstract：Based on panel data of 11 cities in Jiangxi Province from 2007 to 2016 and the classic misallocation model of productive factors, this paper calculates the misallocation of agricultural factors, and analyzes the factors that influence misallocation of agricultural factors in those cities. The research result shows the overall factor misallocation is the most serious and the misallocation of capital ranks second. The misallocation of labor is the least serious. From regional distribution perspective, the difference of misallocation of agricultural factors is obvious among cities. The dispersion of misallocation of labor increases after decreasing while the dispersion of misallocation of capital and total factor decreases over time. From time perspective, three kinds of misallocation experience the process of increasing first and then decreasing. Misallocation of agricultural factors in a few cities in Jiangxi Province fluctuates greatly during the measurement period. The result of empirical research shows that the financial support, industrialization level, agricultural labor ratio and fertilizer input per capita contribute to reduce the misallocation of agricultural factors while the cultivated area per capita promotes the misallocation. Hence, the scale effect of agricultural production is not fully reflected. To increase the allocation efficiency of agricultural production factor, it is necessary to emphasize on reducing misallocation of capital and improve financial system of supporting agriculture aiming to enhance the coordination between policy and agricultural endowment. Also it is necessary to encourage productive factor to return to agricultural sector, optimize the input ratio of productive factor, sufficiently take the advantage of scale management and promote technical advance and innovation of agriculture.