Abstract: Based on the panel data of 74 counties in Hubei Province from 2005 to 2017, construct a spatial weight matrix based on traffic weight, use the spatial Dubin model to empirically study the spatial spillover effect of the transformation of cultivated land use on farmers’ income, and further reveal the specific laws and characteristics of the spillover effect. Research results: (1) All forms of cultivated land use transformation and farmers' income levels have significant positive spatial autocorrelation. (2) The spatial autoregressive coefficient of farmers' income level is 0.65, indicating that there is a positive spatial spillover effect in the increase of farmers' income in neighboring counties, that is, farmers' income in this county will increase by 1%, and farmers' income in neighboring counties will increase by 0.65%. (3) Spatial spillover effects between neighboring counties are mainly driven by changes in the amount of cultivated land, agricultural labor and infrastructure input patterns. Among them,
the spatial spillover effects caused by changes in agricultural labor input patterns account for 69% of the total positive effects. The amount of cultivated land accounted for 15%, and the form of infrastructure investment accoullted for 12%. Research conclusion: Attention should be paid to improving the synergy of the farmland utilization system between counties, and using its spillover effect to promote the common development of all counties in Hubei Province and the synergistic increase of farmers' income.