三峡工程运行后洞庭湖水环境变化及影响分析

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201511006

长江流域资源与环境 >> 2015, Vol. 24 >> Issue (11): 1843-1849.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201511006

三峡工程运行后洞庭湖水环境变化及影响分析

王琦¹, 欧伏平², 张雷³, 卢少勇³

1. 岳阳市环境监测中心, 湖南岳阳 414000;
2. 湖南省洞庭湖生态环境监测中心, 国家环境保护洞庭湖科学观测研究站, 湖南岳阳 414000;
3. 中国环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012

收稿日期:2015-02-13 修回日期:2015-03-19 出版日期:2015-11-20
通讯作者: 欧伏平,E-mail:oufuping1964@163.comc E-mail:oufuping1964@163.comc
作者简介:王琦(1968~),女,工程师,学士,主要从事环境监测工作.E-mail:wangqiqi503@163.com
基金资助:
全国重点湖泊水库生态安全保障方案项目(WFLY-2009-01-PG05);湖南省环保科技计划项目(2011-39);长江三峡水利枢纽工程竣工环境保护验收专题-18:洞庭湖调查项目(2014)

CHANGES OF WATER ENVIRONMENT IN DONGTING LAKE AND ITS IMPACT ANALYSIS AFTER THE THREE GORGES PROJECT OPERATION

WANG Qi¹, OU Fu-ping², ZHANG Lei³, LU Shao-yong³

1. Yueyang Environmental Monitoring Center, Yueyang 414000, China;
2. Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Dongting Lake of Hunan, State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD, Yueyang 414000, China;
3. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

Received:2015-02-13 Revised:2015-03-19 Online:2015-11-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以入湖水系、湖体、出湖口为研究区域,基于20多年的监测数据,运用水质单因子评价、综合营养状态指数(∑TLI)等评价方法,系统地分析了洞庭湖水文、水质、营养化状态的时空变化规律,探讨三峡工程运行后洞庭湖水环境变化及原因。结果表明:(1)洞庭湖入湖水量及沙量均明显降低、水位变幅减小。(2)透明度(SD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、浮游植物等指标的时空分异特征较为明显,4个指标年均值均总体呈上升趋势,其中,SD、浮游植物种类数量及密度自三峡工程运行后变化尤为明显。西洞庭湖的SD高于南洞庭湖,东洞庭湖的SD最低。ρ(TP)在湖体最高,ρ(TN)则在湖体最低。(3)入湖水系水质最好,出湖口水质最差。入湖水系水质一直维持在Ⅱ～Ⅲ类之间,水质良好;出湖口、湖体水质自三峡工程运行后以Ⅳ～Ⅴ类为主,变劣趋势明显。湖体富营养化日趋严重,东洞庭湖的富营养程度稍高于西洞庭湖和南洞庭湖。(4)初步认为:洞庭湖水文水动力环境条件的变化,整体上对水质产生一定的不利影响,对湖体富营养化有一定的促进作用。

关键词: 洞庭湖, 三峡工程, 水质, 富营养化, 影响分析

Abstract: Taking the upstream rivers, lake body and outlet as the study area, temporal and spatial variations of hydrology, water quality and trophic level in Dongting Lake were analyzed by using ngle factor assessment of water quality and trophic state index(∑TLI),which could be investigated changes of water environment in Dongting Lake and its impact analysis after the Three Gorges project operation based on monitoring data for more than 20 years. The results showed that runoff and sediment into Dongting Lake were decreased significantly. Temporal and spatial characteristics of transparency(SD), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) and photoplankton densitywere obvious. Annual average of four environmental parameters showed increasing trend generally, and changes of SD and density and species of photoplankton were more obvious after the Three Gorges project operation. SD in west Dongting Lake was higher than that in south Dongtinglake, and SD in east Dongting lake was lowest. TP concentration was highest in lake body, while TN concentration was lowest in lake body. Water quality in upstream rivers was better than that in lake body, and it was worst in lake outlet. Water quality in upstream rivers was good and maintained class Ⅱ～Ⅲ, however, water quality in lake body and outlet deteriorated obviously and kept in class Ⅳ～Ⅴ mainly after the Three Gorges project operation. Lake eutrophication was increasingly serious. The trophic level in East Dongting Lake was slightly higher than that in West and South Dongting Lake. After the Three Gorges project operation, runoff and sediment declined, SD increased, water change cycle extended, water environmental capacity decreased, pollutants (nitrogen and phosphorus) concentration increased, above factors had some adverse effects on water quality and increased the degree of lake eutrophication.

Key words: Dongting Lake, Three Gorges project, water quality, eutrophication, impact analysis

中图分类号:

X524

王琦, 欧伏平, 张雷, 卢少勇. 三峡工程运行后洞庭湖水环境变化及影响分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(11): 1843-1849.

WANG Qi, OU Fu-ping, ZHANG Lei, LU Shao-yong. CHANGES OF WATER ENVIRONMENT IN DONGTING LAKE AND ITS IMPACT ANALYSIS AFTER THE THREE GORGES PROJECT OPERATION[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2015, 24(11): 1843-1849.

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