近52年来洞庭湖流域气象干旱的时空分布特征

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201603019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于洞庭湖流域84个气象站点1962~2013年的逐日气象资料,利用综合干旱指数(CI)对洞庭湖流域气象干旱的时间和空间特征进行分析。结果表明:在过去52 a,区域性干旱强度较强的时段以夏季、秋季、夏秋和秋冬时节为主;区域干旱强度在春季、夏季、夏秋、冬季呈上升趋势;秋冬时节和年干旱强度变化不明显;春夏时节、夏秋时节、秋冬时节和冬春时节的平均干旱强度比春、夏、秋、冬单个季节的平均干旱强度大。小波分析表明,区域干旱强度的周期以10a为主周期,5 a和22 a为次周期。近52 a来,历年干旱站次比主要集中于10%~30%之间,多表现为区域性干旱,以夏季和秋季的干旱范围较大;干旱频率高发时期主要为夏季、夏秋时节和秋季。干旱频率高发地主要以流域的南部山地和北部的洞庭湖平原为主,西北部的山地发生干旱相对较少,衡邵盆地随季节变化干旱频率易发生高低值转换。

关键词: 洞庭湖流域, 综合干旱指数(CI), 时空变化, 区域干旱强度

Abstract: In this study, based on the daily meteorological data of 84 meteorological stations in the Dongting Lake Basin from 1962 to 2013. we employed comprehensive Meteorological drought index (CI) to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of meteorological drought in Dongting Lake Basin during recent 52 years. In the past 52 years, the result showed that the intensity of regional drought was mainly pronounced in summer, autumn, summer to autumn, autumn to winter. Among then, the regional drought intensity tended to increase in spring, summer, summer to autumn and winter. And it decreased from spring to summer, autumn, winter to spring. In addition, the regional drought intensity was unobvious in autumn to winter and annum. This pattern showed that different seasons had different trend of regional drought intensity, the seasonal variation trend was not consistent with the annual variation trend. The average drought intensity of continuous drought was heavier than that in a single season. The continuous drought contained drought from spring to summer, drought from summer to autumn, drought from autumn to winter and drought from winter to spring. Results from the Morlet wavelet analysis showed faster oscillation period of 4 to 6 years or 9 to 11 years on regional drought intensity, they alternated remarkably from drought to wetness. The period of 9 to 11 years was present throughout all studied time period, which was stable during this period. Based on the wavelet variance figure, the regional drought intensity had quasi-periodicity of 5 years, 10 years and 22 years. Among then, the 10 years was the obviously primary period, the 5 and 22 years were the secondary periods. In the past 52 years, the number of stations which had drought is relative fewer in spring. In summer, the range of drought stations ratio total stations in the basin was mostly presenting as local drought and part of the regional drought, and it showed smaller range in this season. The range of droughty stations ratio total stations was relatively higher in autumn, and it was similar with the droughty range of summer. Winter was a season that the value of droughty stations ratio total stations would be small. It was mainly represented as drought-free. In conclusion, the range of drought stations ratio total stations of four seasons in the basin was mostly floated from 10%-30%, presenting mainly as local drought and part of the regional drought. And the range of drought was generally wider in summer and autumn. High incidence of drought frequency mainly occurred in summer, summer to autumn and autumn, which located in the south mountainous area and northeast of Basin. Drought occurred less in the northwest of Basin, the frequency of drought converted from high to low in the HengShao Basin.

Key words: Dongting Lake Basin, comprehensive Meteorological drought index, temporal and spatial variations, regional drought intensity

中图分类号:

P426.616

王婷, 章新平, 黎祖贤, 罗紫东, 廖梦思, 刘娜. 近52年来洞庭湖流域气象干旱的时空分布特征[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(03): 514-522.

WANG Ting, ZHANG Xin-ping, LI Zu-xian, LUO Zi-dong, LIAO Meng-si, LIU Na. TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT FOR RECENT 52 YEARS IN DONGTING LAKE BASIN[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2016, 25(03): 514-522.

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