三峡库区消落带水淹初期主要优势草本植物生态位变化特征

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201603006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据三峡库区初期水位涨落情况,以空间代替时间法,连续两年对典型消落带区域地上植被进行调查,通过计算生态位宽度和生态位重叠来分析不同水淹时间下优势草本植物生态位的变化特征。结果表明,一年水淹区段在未水淹时,植物生态位宽度普遍较窄,此时生态位明显特化,而第二年水淹极大的增加了适应干湿变化的物种的优势度。水淹前生态位重叠值大于0.5的只有12对,小于0.2种对为189对,其中生态位重叠值为零的为103对;水淹后生态位重叠值大于0.5的有24对,小于0.2种对为53对,其中生态位重叠值为零的为6对,说明生境由干燥到湿润的变化,对湿润环境相对适应的物种存活,优势植物生态位重叠明显增加。经两年水淹区段中,第一年以毛马唐的生态位宽度最高,其余17种物种生态位宽度小于0.2的物种占优势物种的61%,第二年以雾水葛和鳢肠的生态位宽度较大,其余15种物种生态位宽度小于0.2的物种占优势物种的50%,共同出现的物种仅有8种。生态位重叠值大于0.5的种对由5对上升到17对,生态位重叠值为零的种对由10对减低到2对,说明连续水淹产生更加均一的生境类型,对资源要求相似的物种是增加的。

关键词: 三峡库区, 消落带, 水淹初期, 生态位宽度, 生态位重叠

Abstract: Based on the periodical fluctuations of water level, the standing vegetation in two consecutive flooding years was investigated by a space-for-time substitution method in the water-level-fluctuating zone in Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Niche breadth and niche overlap were calculated and were further used to analyze the changes of the plants species' niche breadth of the dominant herbaceous plants flooded for various periods. The results showed the niche breadth of the dominant plants before being flooded in the first flooding year was generally narrow and the niche breadth change was very significant. While in the second flooding year, the acclimatization of herbaceous plants to the moisture change increased. Before flooding, the number of species pairs with overlap value greater than 0.5 was only 125, and the number of species pairs with overlap value less than 0.2 was 189, among which, 103 species pairs' overlap values are 0. After flooding, the number of species pairs with overlap value bigger than 0.5 was 24, the number of those with overlap value less than 0.2 was 53, and 6 of the 53 species pairs had an overlap value of 0, which indicated survival of the species that can acclimate to the environmental change from dry to wet condition, resulting in an increased overlap value of the dominant plant species. At the areas flooded for 2 consecutive years, Digitaria chrysoblephara displayed the biggest niche breadth in the first year, and the rest 17 species, which occupy 61% of all the dominant species, showed the niche breadth less than 0.2. In the second year of the two consecutive flooding years, Pouzolzia zeylanica and Eclipta prostrata displayed comparatively big niche breadth, and the rest 15 species accounting for 50% amount of all the dominant species showed niche breadths less than 0.2. Only 8 herbaceous plants are the species that survived in the two consecutive years. Also in the second year of the two consecutive flooding years, there were 17 species pairs with niche overlap values over 0.5, while the number of species pairs with niche overlap values of 0 was 2, indicating that flooding in two consecutive years helped to form a more homogenous ecological habitant, and the number of species acclimating to similar environment increased.

Key words: Three Gorges Reservoir, water-level-fluctuating zone, the beginning after charging water, niche breadth, niche overlap

中图分类号:

Q948.1

王晓荣, 程瑞梅, 肖文发, 潘磊, 曾立雄. 三峡库区消落带水淹初期主要优势草本植物生态位变化特征[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(03): 404-411.

WANG Xiao-rong, CHENG Rui-mei, XIAO Wen-fa, PAN Lei, ZENG Li-xiong. NICHE VARIATION OF DOMINANT HERBACEOUS PLANTS IN WATERLEVEL-FLUCTUATING ZONE OF THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AT THE BEGINNING AFTER CHARGING WATER[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2016, 25(03): 404-411.

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