怀洪新河太湖新银鱼国家级水产种质资源保护区生境及渔业群落多样性研究

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201603005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据2014年6月和12月在怀洪新河太湖新银鱼国家级水产种质资源保护区现场调查数据,对保护区生境及渔业群落进行了研究。保护区主要水质指标达到Ⅲ类标准,TN为制约因素。保护区共分布有水生维管束植物24种,其中沉水植物、挺水植物、漂浮植物和浮叶植物分别占41.67%、33.33%、16.67%和8.33%。现场调查共采集到鱼、虾类37种,包括鱼类33种、虾类4种,分别隶属于8目15科35属。群落结构以淡水定居性物种及杂食性物种占优,夏季优势种为日本沼虾、红鳍原鲌和刀鲚,冬季为鲫、鲢和鳙。夏季各种网具中采集的渔获物均重变幅为0.12~114.32 g,冬季为4.07~696.70 g。保护区成鱼(虾)资源密度为20.18万尾/km²和10 440.8 kg/km²,幼鱼资源密度为534.58万尾/km²和587.8 kg/km²。冬季资源密度显著低于夏季,数量及重量密度仅分别为夏季的6.94%和30.93%。基于渔获尾数的多样性特征值为:丰富度指数(R) 3.812 0,信息指数(H') 1.496 0,优势度指数(D) 0.409 9,均匀度指数(E) 0.124 0。克氏原螯虾在保护区内广泛分布,对其危害性应加以重视。

关键词: 淮河, 怀洪新河, 国家级水产种质资源保护区, 群落结构, 优势种, 多样性特征值

Abstract: Using the investigation data in Salangichthys tangkahkeii national aquatic germplasm reserve in Huaihong New River in June and December, 2014, we studied habitat characters and fish community. Most of the indices of water quality in the reserve could achieve water quality standard and TN was the restrictive factors. In the reserve, there were 24 species of aquatic vascular plants, including submerged plants, emergent aquatic plants, floating plants and floating leaved plants, accounted for 41.67%, 33.33%, 16.67% and 41.67%, respectively. In this investigation, thirty-seven species including thirty-three fish species and four shrimp species that belong to 8 orders, 15 families and 35 genus were collected. Because of the semi-closed habitat, the fish community was dominated by freshwater sedentary species and omnivorous species. Ecological dominance of fish community were analyzed through IRI indices, and Macrobrachium nipponensis, Cultrichthys erythropterus as well as Coilianasus were dominated species in summer, and Carassius auratus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix as well as Hypophthalmichthys nobilis were dominated species in winter. The average weight of catch that collected from various kinds of nets ranged from 0.12 to 114.32 g in summer and ranged from 4.07 to 4.07 g in winter. Adult fish (shrimp) resources densities were 2.018×10⁵ ind./km² and 1.0441×10⁴ kg/km², and juvenile fish resources densities were 5.3458×10⁶ ind./km² and 587.8 kg/km². The fishery resources density in winter was significantly lower than in summer, and the result showed that resources quantity and weight density in winter only took up 6.94% and 30.93% of those in summer respectively. Indices of biodiversity of fish community based on individuals could be summarized as Margalef's index of 3.8120, Shannon-Wiener's index of 1.4960, Simpson's index of 0.4099 and Pielou's index of 0.1240. Furthermore, Procambaruslarkia was widely distributed in the reserve, more attention showed be paid to its strong invasive ability and the damage to the ecological system.

Key words: Huaihe River, Huaihong New River, national aquatic germplasm reserve, community structure, dominant species, biodiversity characters

中图分类号:

Q958.1

刘凯, 段金荣, 徐东坡, 周彦锋, 徐跑. 怀洪新河太湖新银鱼国家级水产种质资源保护区生境及渔业群落多样性研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(03): 395-403.

LIU Kai, DUAN Jin-rong, XU Dong-po, ZHOU Yan-feng, XU Pao. HABITAT CHARACTERS AND FISHERY COMMUNITY IN SALANGICHTHYS TANGKAHKEII NATIONAL AQUATIC GERMPLASM RESERVE IN HUAIHONG NEW RIVER[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2016, 25(03): 395-403.

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