基于铁路客运的中国城市可达性及类型研究

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj2016011002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究铁路网络时空压缩效应对城市可达性的影响，基于2009年和2014年铁路列车时刻表数据，结合传统数理统计方法及空间分析方法，对中国地级以上城市可达性及其格局演变进行深入分析。结果表明：（1）铁路客运的数量和类型上均有较大变化，特别是始发列车及动车组的大幅增加及高铁的开通运行，中国城市可达性得到一定程度提升，但城市可达性改善地域差异性显著。（2）北上广三大核心城市在城市可达性等级体系中第一层级地位稳固，交通区位条件的差异使得城市可达性等级体系产生一定变化。（3）中国城市可达性绝对及相对差距均呈现出不断扩大趋势，列车停靠数量的极化效应显著、新增加的高速客运更多地向高等级中心城市集聚，铁路基础设施的建设正在重塑中国生产力格局。（4）从城市功能属性及规模属性视角，以始发列车和停靠列车中位数为临界值，将中国城市划分为高规模高功能、高规模低功能、低规模高功能、低规模低功能等4种类型，并依次分析城市分布特征及成因，为铁路客运的合理配置及交通网络优化布局提供参考。

关键词: 铁路客运, 可达性, 城市类型, 中国城市

Abstract: With the development of China's railway network, the level of urban accessibility received a significant boost and the compression effect of regional time-space became further highlight.The study based on the data of the railway train schedules in 2009 and 2014, prefecture-level cities in China as the study object, combined with the traditional method of mathematical statistics and spatial analysis method, analysis the accessibility of prefecture-level cities and its types in China. Results show that:(1) The number and type of passenger rail transport have great changes, especially originating trains and bullet train have a greatly increased and the opening of the high-speed operation due to the accessibility of cities improved to a certain extent, but the city accessibility to improve regional difference significantly. (2) three core cities(Beijing、Shanghai and Guangzhou) in urban accessibility rating system established the first level, the traffic condition of differences caused the city accessibility rating system change. (3) The absolute and relative gap between Chinese urban accessibility are showing a growing trend, the number of train had a significantly effect of polarization and the new increase of the passenger and more on high-grade center city agglomeration, the construction of the railway infrastructure is reshaping China productivity pattern. (4) From the perspective of urban function and size attribute to dock originating trains and train the median as the critical value, the Chinese city is divided into four types including high scale and high function, high scale but low function, low scale but high function, low scale and low function. Analysis the distribution characteristics and the reason of city. The improvement of the railway traffic network is becoming more and more important, this study provides significance guiding for reasonable allocation of railway passenger transportation and layout of transportation network based on the railway passenger transport between urban traffic accessibility and spatial pattern of evolution.

Key words: passenger rail transport, accessibility, city type, Chinese city

中图分类号:

F532

钟业喜, 傅钰, 冯兴华. 基于铁路客运的中国城市可达性及类型研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(11): 1645-1653.

ZHONG Ye-xi, FU Yu, FENG Xing-hua. THE ACCESSIBILITY PATTERNS AND CITY TYPES BASED ON PASSENGER RAIL TRANSPORT IN CHINA[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2016, 25(11): 1645-1653.

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