丘陵山区都市边缘农村居民点土地利用空间特征分析——以重庆两江新区为例

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201610010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 分析丘陵山区都市边缘的农村居民点土地利用空间特征，对于科学认识自然条件与社会经济发展交错影响下的新型农村人地关系具有重要意义。以重庆市两江新区为例，从居民点用地规模特征、居民点空间分异特征、居民点分形特征以及居民点空间格局四方面对农村居民点土地利用空间特征进行了分析。结果表明：两江新区农村居民点用地规模表现出明显的地域差异，在区域内部，受高程、坡度、地质灾害分布、水系、城镇和交通的影响，农村居民点用地表现出较强的空间分异特征，其中有相当一部分居民点的交通及基础设施条件亟待改善；两江新区内农村居民点分形维数介于1.12~1.53之间，由西南向东北方向逐步增大，围绕城市呈现“扇形圈层结构”特征，距离城镇越远农村居民点斑块结构越复杂；从居民点空间格局来看，两江新区镇域尺度上的农村居民点呈现出集聚、均匀与随机3种分布状态，图斑尺度的居民点受地形约束总体上呈条带状分布，在此基础上城镇发展的极化作用吸引农村居民点向城镇集中，形成若干聚集区。研究结果可为丘陵地区开展土地整治及模式探讨、土地利用规划筹提供参考。

关键词: 土地利用, 农村居民点, 空间特征, 丘陵山区, 都市边缘, 两江新区

Abstract: Rural residential land is at the core of human-land relationships. Analysis on spatial characteristics of rural residential land use at urban fringes in hilly and mountainous regions helps to understand the rural human-land relationships in rapidly urbanizing areas, but also help to promote the linkage of urban renewal, new area development and rural development. Taking LiangJiang New Area as an example, in this paper we analyzed characteristics of rural residential land use through 4 aspects, including characteristics of rural residential land use quantity, spatial differentiation characteristics of rural residential land, fractal geometry of rural residential land the spatial pattern of rural residential land. The results showed that the characteristics of rural residential land use quantity existed obvious differences in general. Under the influences of elevation, slope, geological disasters, rivers, urban and traffic factor, rural residential land use quantity also existed certain differences in different locations, and there is a considerable part of rural residential land that needs to be consolidated to improve its natural and regional conditions. The fractal dimension value of rural residential land in LiangJiang New Area changed between 1.12 and 1.53, and it increased gradually from southwest to northeast. Based on the spatial distribution of those fractal dimension values we can find a pattern of "sectorial cycle structure". In particular, the farther distance from the city, the greater of the fractal dimension values were, implying that the structure of rural residential land plaque was more and more complicated with increasing distance from the city. On the contrary, under the influence of urbanization, the rural residential land near the city become more and more clear and neat. As we can see from the spatial distribution of the rural residential land in LiangJiang New Area, at a township scale, the spatial pattern of rural settlements presented three kinds of patterns, such as uniformity, randomness, and cluster. At the patch scale, the spatial distribution of rural residential land in LiangJiang New Area also present characteristic of spatial agglomeration. With the influence of geography, the rural residential land distribution in LiangJiang New Area show a zonal distribution. Based on this, the rural residential land have formed a number of agglomerate areas around the city under the influence of polarization effect and trickling down effect of the city. Finally, the results can provide a basis for rural residential land consolidation, land use planning, and urban-rural development.

Key words: land use, rural residential land, spatial characteristic, hilly and mountainous regions, the urban fringes, LiangJiang New Area

中图分类号:

F301.2

毕国华, 杨庆媛, 王兆林, 匡垚瑶, 慕卫东. 丘陵山区都市边缘农村居民点土地利用空间特征分析——以重庆两江新区为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(10): 1555-1565.

BI Guo-hua, YANG Qing-yuan, WANG Zhao-lin, KUANG Yao-yao, MU Wei-dong. ANALYSIS ON SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL RESIDENTIAL LAND USE IN HILLY AND MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS: A CASE OF LIANGJIANG NEW AREA IN CHONGQING[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2016, 25(10): 1555-1565.

参考文献

[1] 刘新卫, 张定祥, 陈百明. 快速城镇化过程中的中国城镇土地利用特征[J]. 地理学报, 2008, 63(3):301-310.[LIU X W, ZHANG D X, CHEN B M. Characteristics of China's town-level land use in rapid urbanization stage[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(3):301-310.]
[2] 李裕瑞, 刘彦随, 龙花楼. 中国农村人口与农村居民点用地的时空变化[J]. 自然资源学报, 2010, 25(10):1629-1638.[LI Y R, LIU Y S, LONG H L. Spatio-temporal analysis of population and residential land change in rural China[J]. Journal of Natural Recourses, 2010, 25(10):1629-1638.]
[3] 李灿, 张凤荣, 姜广辉, 等. 京郊卫星城区域农村居民点土地利用特征分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2013, 29(19):233-243.[LI C, ZHANG F R, JIANG G H, et al. Analysis on utilization characteristics of rural residential land use in satellite city area of Beijing[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2013, 29(19):233-243.]
[4] 刘彦随, 刘玉. 中国农村空心化问题研究的进展与展望[J]. 地理研究, 2010, 29(1):35-42.[LIU Y S, LIU Y. Progress and prospect on the study of rural hollowing in China[J]. Geographical Research, 2010, 29(1):35-42.]
[5] POLAT H E, OLGUN M. Analysis of the rural dwellings at new residential areas in the Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey[J]. Building and Environment, 2004, 39(12):1505-1515.
[6] 角媛梅, 肖笃宁, 马明国. 绿洲景观中居民地空间分布特征及其影响因子分析[J]. 生态学报, 2003, 23(10):2092-2100.[JIAO Y M, XIAO D N, MA M G. Spatial pattern in residential area and influencing factors in oasis landscape[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2003, 23(10):2092-2100.]
[7] 陈振杰, 李满春, 刘永学. 基于GIS的桐庐县农村居民点空间格局研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2008, 17(2):180-184.[CHEN Z J, LI M C, LIU Y X. A GIS based research on spatial distribution of rural settlements in Tonglu county[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2008, 17(2):180-184.]
[8] 胡燕, 胡玉福, 邓良基, 等. 基于GIS的石角镇农村居民点空间分布特征分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(16):315-320.[HU Y, HU Y F, DENG L J, et al. The analysis of spacial distribution characteristics of rural settlement in Shijiao Town based on GIS[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2010, 26(16):315-320.]
[9] 顾凤霞, 刘文宝, 谭雪兰. GIS技术支持下的湖南省靖州县农村居民点空间格局研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2012, 28(8):150-155.[GU F X, LIU W B, TAN X L. Research on spatiotemporal patterns of rural settlements in Jingzhou County, Hu'nan Province supported by GIS technique[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2012, 28(8):150-155.]
[10] 张霞, 魏朝富, 倪九派, 等. 重庆市低山丘陵区农村居民点分布格局及其影响因素[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2012, 33(3):45-50, 57.[ZHANG X, WEI C F, NI J P, et al. Distribution patterns and influence factors of rural settlements in the hilly and mountainous areas in Chongqing municipality[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2012, 33(3):45-50, 57.]
[11] CURRIT N, EASTERLING W E. Globalization and population drivers of rural-urban land-use change in Chihuahua, Mexico[J]. Land Use Policy, 2009, 26(3):535-544.
[12] 姜广辉, 张凤荣, 秦静, 等. 北京山区农村居民点分布变化及其与环境的关系[J]. 农业工程学报, 2006, 22(11):85-92.[JIANG G H, ZHANG F R, QIN J, et al. Relationship between distribution changes of rural residential land and environment in mountainous areas of Beijing[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2006, 22(11):85-92.]
[13] 关小克, 张凤荣, 刘春兵, 等. 平谷区农村居民点用地的时空特征及优化布局研究[J]. 资源科学, 2013, 35(3):536-544.[GUAN X K, ZHANG F R, LIU C B, et al. Spatio-temporal analysis and optimization of rural residential land distribution in Pinggu district[J]. Resources Science, 2013, 35(3):536-544.]
[14] 洪步庭. 基于GIS技术的农村居民点空间演变特征及其影响因素研究[D]. 成都:四川师范大学硕士学位论文, 2014.[HONG B T. Study on spatial pattern evolvement features and influencing factors of rural settlement based on GIS[J]. Chengdu:Master Dissertation of Sichuan Normal University, 2014.]
[15] 张保华, 张金萍, 汤庆新, 等. 基于RS和GIS的黄河下游沿岸县域土地利用与景观格局演变的驱动力研究——以河南省封丘县为例[J]. 遥感技术与应用, 2009, 24(1):40-45.[ZHANG B H, ZHANG J P, TANG Q X, et al. Driving force of land use and landscape pattern change basing on RS&GIS of Fengqiu county along lower reaches of the yellow river[J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2009, 24(1):40-45.]
[16] 姜广辉, 张凤荣, 周丁扬, 等. 北京市农村居民点用地内部结构特征的区位分析[J]. 资源科学, 2007, 29(2):109-116.[JIANG G H, ZHANG F R, ZHOU D Y, et al. Analyzing the land use structure characteristics of rural residential area in Beijing City[J]. Resources Science, 2007, 29(2):109-116.]
[17] 宋戈, 孙丽娜, 雷国平. 基于计量地理模型的松嫩高平原土地利用特征及其空间布局[J]. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(3):243-250.[SONG G, SUN L N, LEI G P. Land use characteristics and its spatial distribution of Songnen High Plain based on quantitative geography model[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2012, 28(3):243-250.]
[18] 车明亮, 聂宜民, 姜曙千, 等. 平邑山区农村居民点分形特征及影响因素[J]. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(S2):360-365.[CHE M L, NIE Y M, JIANG S Q, et al. Fractal geometry of rural residential areas in Pingyi County Mountains and impact factors[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2010, 26(S2):360-365.]
[19] 宋志军, 关小克, 朱战强. 北京农村居民点的空间分形特征及复杂性[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(1):52-60.[SONG Z J, GUAN X K, ZHU Z Q. The spatial fractal characteristics and complexity of rural residential areas in Beijing[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2013, 33(1):52-60.]
[20] 李玉华, 高明, 吕煊, 等. 重庆市农村居民点分形特征及影响因素分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30(12):225-232.[LI Y H, GAO M, LV X, et al. Analysis on fractal characteristics of rural settlements in Chongqing and its influencing factors[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2014, 30(12):225-232.]
[21] 曲衍波, 张凤荣, 郭力娜, 等. 北京市平谷区农村居民点整理类型与优先度评判[J]. 农业工程学报, 2011, 27(7):312-319.[QU Y B, ZHANG F R, GUO L N, et al. Evaluation of rural residential land consolidation classification and priority of Pinggu district in Beijing[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2011, 27(7):312-319.]
[22] 孔雪松, 刘耀林, 邓宣凯, 等. 村镇农村居民点用地适宜性评价与整治分区规划[J]. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(18):215-222.[KONG X S, LIU Y L, DENG X K, et al. Suitability evaluation and consolidation division of rural residential areas in villages and towns[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012, 28(18):215-222.]
[23] 曹天邦, 朱晓华, 肖彬, 等. 土地利用类型分布的分形结构及其应用——以江苏省扬中县丰裕镇为例[J]. 地域研究与开发, 1999, 18(4):9-12.[CAO T B, ZHU X H, XIAO B, et al. Fractal analysis applied to distribution of land use-a case study of Fengyu town, Yangzhong city, Jiangsu Province[J]. Areal Research and Development, 1999, 18(4):9-12.]
[24] 王远飞, 何洪林. 空间数据分析方法[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2007:66-71.
[25] BESAG J, DIGGLE P J. Simple Monte Carlo tests for spatial pattern[J]. Applied Statistics, 1977, 26(3):327-333.
[26] 沈陈华. 丹阳市农村居民点空间分布尺度特征及影响因素分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(22):261-268.[SHEN C H. Spatial distribution scale characteristics of rural settlements and analysis on influencing factors in Danyang city[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012, 28(22):261-268.]
[27] 刘锐, 胡伟平, 王红亮, 等. 基于核密度估计的广佛都市区路网演变分析[J]. 地理科学, 2011, 31(1):81-86.[LIU R, HU W P, WANG H L, et al. The road network evolution of Guangzhou-Foshan metropolitan area based on kernel density estimation[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2011, 31(1):81-86.]

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed