基于HEC-RAS模型的汉江上游旬阳西段超长尺度古水文演化重建

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201705013

长江流域资源与环境 >> 2017, Vol. 26 >> Issue (05): 755-764.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201705013

基于HEC-RAS模型的汉江上游旬阳西段超长尺度古水文演化重建

张玉柱^1,2, 黄春长³, 庞奖励³, 查小春³, 周亚利³, 石彬楠³, 李晓刚⁴

1. 西北大学城市与环境学院, 陕西西安 710127;
2. 西北大学地质系, 陕西西安 710069;
3. 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院, 陕西西安 710119;
4. 商洛学院地理系, 陕西商洛 726000

收稿日期:2016-10-11 修回日期:2016-12-28 出版日期:2017-05-20
通讯作者: 黄春长 E-mail:cchuang@snnu.edu.cn
作者简介:张玉柱(1987~),男,博士,讲师,主要从事环境变迁与人地关系演变研究.E-mail:xbdzyz05@nwu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41471071）；中国博士后基金项目（2016M59289）；陕西省重点科技创新团队计划（2014KCT-27）

RECONSTRUCTION OF LONG-TERM PALEO-HYDROLOGICAL EVOLUTION IN THE WEST XUNYANG REACH ON THE UPPER HANJIANG RIVER BASED ON HEC-RAS MODEL

ZHANG Yu-zhu^1,2, HUANG Chun-chang³, PANG Jiang-li³, ZHA Xiao-chun³, ZHOU Ya-li³, SHI Bin-nan³, LI Xiao-gang⁴

1. College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China;
2. Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China;
3. College of Tourism and Environmental Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China;
4. Department of Geography, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, China

Received:2016-10-11 Revised:2016-12-28 Online:2017-05-20
Supported by:
National Nature Science Foundation of China, (41471071);China's Post-doctoral Science Fund, (2016M592829);Program for Key Science and Technology Innovation Team in Shaanxi Province, (2014KCT-27)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过对汉江上游河谷开展广泛细致的野外考察，在汉江上游旬阳西段全新世黄土-土壤剖面发现四层典型的古洪水滞流沉积物。对于系统采集的样品，进行粒度成分、磁化率分析，从沉积学角度证明了它们是典型的古洪水滞流沉积物。这些古洪水滞流沉积层夹在全新世风成黄土-土壤地层序列中，其每一层古洪水滞流沉积物记录了一期古洪水事件。根据OSL测年数据，并结合考古年代学和典型剖面地层对比，确定了这四期古洪水事件分别发生在8 500~8 400 a B.P.、4 200~4 000 a B.P.、3 200~2 800 a B.P.和1 800~1 700 a B.P.。利用古洪水SWD尖灭点高程法，恢复了这四期古洪水洪峰水位，介于233.0~239.2 m之间；进而基于HEC-RAS模型重建了四期古洪水洪峰流量，介于26 500~46 800 m³/s之间。将古洪水研究成果加入后，得到了远超过实测洪水和历史洪水重现期的稀遇洪水的水文信息，延长了汉江上游安康-旬阳段流域洪水的数据序列至万年尺度，使洪峰流量-频率曲线的稀遇洪水部分有了点据控制，百年和千年一遇的洪水洪峰流量的计算由外延变为内插，提高了设计洪水的精度。并且通过古洪水水文计算得到，该河段万年一遇洪水洪峰流量为46 900 m³/s，千年一遇洪水洪峰流量为37 800 m³/s，百年一遇洪水洪峰流量为28 900 m³/s。这对于汉江上游水利工程、防洪工程和城镇建设的洪水设计提供了十分重要基础数据。

关键词: 汉江, 全新世, 古洪水, 滞流沉积物, HEC-RAS模型

Abstract: Palaeoflood hydrological studies were carried out in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River valley. Four bedsets of palaeoflood slackwater deposit (SWD) was found in the eolian loess-soil profile at the LJT site at the riverbank near the Luojiatan Village in the Xunyang County. After detailed field observations, a series of sedimentary samples were taken from the profile. Grain-size distribution and magnetic susceptibility were analyzed in the laboratory. The results showed that these SWD consist of sandy silt, originated from the suspended sediment load of the palaeo-floodwater. Each bedset of the SWD represented one group of palaeoflood event. According to the OSL dating in combination with the archaeological dating and pedo-stratigraphic correlations, these palaeoflood events occurred during 8 500-8 400 a B.P. (SWD1), 4 200-4 000 a B.P. (SWD2), 3 200-2 800 a B.P. (SWD3), and 1 800-1 700 a B.P. (SWD4), respectively. The palaeoflood peak discharges were calculated by using hydrological models. They were estimated to be between 26 500 and 46 800 m³/s. Improvement of the frequency curve estimation was made by the use of gauged flood data from 1935 to 2010; historical floods of 1583, 1867, and 1921 at the Ankang hydrological station; and Holocene palaeoflood discharges. These results have the archives of flood data extended to a time-scale of 10 000 years in the Ankang-Xunyang reach in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River. Thus, the data generated from palaeoflood hydrology allowed us to refine the flood frequency-peak discharge curves and potentially increase its accuracy. From the frequency plot, we conclude that the flood discharge was 46 900 m³/s, with a return period of ten thousand years; 37 800 m³/s with a return period of one thousand years; and 28 900 m³/s with a return period of one hundred years, respectively. These results are of great significance for mitigating flood disasters and hydraulic engineering. These results are also very important for water conservancy construction and flood hazard mitigation.

Key words: Hanjiang River, Holocene, palaeoflood, slackwater deposit, HEC-RAS model

中图分类号:

P539.6

张玉柱, 黄春长, 庞奖励, 查小春, 周亚利, 石彬楠, 李晓刚. 基于HEC-RAS模型的汉江上游旬阳西段超长尺度古水文演化重建[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(05): 755-764.

ZHANG Yu-zhu, HUANG Chun-chang, PANG Jiang-li, ZHA Xiao-chun, ZHOU Ya-li, SHI Bin-nan, LI Xiao-gang. RECONSTRUCTION OF LONG-TERM PALEO-HYDROLOGICAL EVOLUTION IN THE WEST XUNYANG REACH ON THE UPPER HANJIANG RIVER BASED ON HEC-RAS MODEL[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2017, 26(05): 755-764.

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