Abstract: The citizenization of landless peasants is one of the hot topics about new urbanization nowadays, as well as an important scientific issue in human geography. Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of urbanization in China, many ruralurban borders are eroded. With a large number of farmers being moved away from rural to urban areas and being landless peasants, the problem about landless peasants gradually emerged and becomes an important problem for improving the quality of urbanization. In spite of many farmers becoming citizens in the administrative aspect，but due to low land compensation, inadequate social security and the exclusion of civil society，many landless peasants face problems of declining living standards, unstable employment, problematic identity recognition and other issues. Under the background of new urbanization, it is an important measure to improve the quality of urbanization by promoting the process of “peopleoriented” citizenization process, and the core of realizing the citizenization process of landless peasants is improving the life satisfaction of landless peasants. This article taking Xianlin Village in Nanjing as a study area, and obtaining the relevant data for article research through the questionnaire survey of landless peasants, we construct an index system to measure the life satisfaction of landless peasants based on the existing research results, then we analysis the affecting factors about life satisfaction of landless peasants by factor analysis. The results show that the life satisfaction of landless peasants in Xianlin Village is not high, the average score is only 6490. In addition, it is found that the economic factors have no significant effect on the life satisfaction of landless peasants, the impact of land acquisition and demolition process, government role, community environment and personal perception and other factors are more significant.