长江流域资源与环境 >> 2016, Vol. 25 >> Issue (Z1): 1-8.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj2016Z1001
• 自然资源 • 下一篇
靳士科1, 王娟娟1, 朱莎1, 张琪1, 黎翔1, 郑文静1, 由文辉1,2
JIN Shi-ke1, WANG Juan-juan1, ZHU Sha1, ZHANG Qi1, LI Xiang1, ZHENG Wen-jing1, YOU Wen-hui1,2
摘要: 为探究上海城区不同林地凋落物中土壤动物的群落组成、群落多样性及其与环境因子的关系,于2014年4月~2015年1月分四个季度,对上海市建成年代较久的不同林地凋落物层土壤动物群落进行调查,共捕获凋落物土壤动物9 391只,隶属于2门11纲21个类群,其中优势类群为蜱螨亚纲和弹尾纲,两个类群共占总密度的90.31%,常见类群为双翅目、寡毛纲和等足目,占总密度的的5.29%。不同林地凋落物中土壤动物密度存在极显著差异(F=146.31,P<0.01),其中香樟悬铃木林土壤动物密度最高,水杉林密度最低。此外各林地土壤动物季节动态表现出一定的差异性。密度-类群指数大小顺序为香樟悬铃木林(4.62) > 悬铃木林(2.69) > 香樟杨树林(1.86) > 香樟林(1.36) > 香樟水杉林(0.91) > 水杉林(0.85),该顺序可以较好地表征各林地的群落多样性。CCA分析显示凋落物有机碳、生物量、表土含水量、温度是影响城市林地凋落物土壤动物群落的主要环境因子,不同类群对环境因子适应程度不同。
中图分类号:
[1] DIDHAM P K. Altered leaf-litter decomposition rates in tropical forest fragments[J]. Oecologia, 1998, 116(3):397-406. [2] WARDLE D A, YEATES G W, BARKER G M, et al. The influence of plant litter diversity on decomposer abundance and diversity[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2006, 38(5):1052-1062. [3] LAOSSI K R, BAROT S, CARVALHO D, et al. Effects of plant diversity on plant biomass production and soil macro fauna in Amazonian pastures[J]. Pedobiologia, 2008, 51(5/6):397-407. [4] MAHARNING A R, MILLS A A S, ADL S M. Soil community changes during secondary succession to naturalized grasslands[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2009, 41(2):137-147. [5] GARDINER M A, TUELL J K, ISAACS R, et al. Implications of three biofuel crops for beneficial arthropods in agricultural landscapes[J]. Bioenergy Research, 2010, 3(1):6-19. [6] 黄旭, 文维全, 张健, 等. 川西高山典型自然植被土壤动物多样性[J]. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(1):181-190.[HUANG X, WEN W Q, ZHANG J, et al. Soil faunal diversity under typical alpine vegetations in West Sichuan[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010, 21(1):181-190.] [7] 杨赵, 杨效东. 哀牢山不同类型亚热带森林地表凋落物及土壤节肢动物群落特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(11):3011-3020.[YANG Z, YANG X D. Characteristics of floor litter and soil arthropod community in different types of subtropical forest in Ailao Mountain of Yunnan, Southwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(11):3011-3020.] [8] 黄杰灵, 施时迪, 王美花, 等. 西溪国家湿地公园5种人工植物群落土壤动物群落的结构与多样性[J]. 浙江大学学报(理学版), 2012, 39(4):434-442.[HUANG J L, SHI S D, WANG M H, et al. Community structure and diversity of soil animals in five artificial different plant communities in the Xixi National Wetland Park in East China[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition), 2012, 39(4):434-442.] [9] 吴东辉, 张柏, 陈鹏. 长春市不同土地利用条件下大型土壤动物群落结构与组成[J]. 动物学报, 2006, 52(2):279-287.[WU D H, ZHANG B, CHEN P. Community structure and composition of soil macrofauna under different land use in Changchun City[J]. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 2006, 52(2):279-287.] [10] 秦钟, 章家恩, 李庆芳. 城市化地区不同生境下中小型土壤动物群落结构特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2009, 20(12):3049-3056.[QIN Z, ZHANG J E, LI Q F. Community structure of soil meso- and micro-fauna in different habitats of urbanized region[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2009, 20(12):3049-3056.] [11] 李庆芳, 章家恩, 秦钟. 广州市不同土地利用方式下冬季土壤动物群落结构的研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2012, 20(11):1521-1526.[LI Q F, ZHANG J E, QIN Z. Soil faunal community structure in winter season under various land use types in Guangzhou[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2012, 20(11):1521-1526.] [12] 叶水送, 夏灵丹, 方燕, 等. 上海临港新城土壤动物群落结构时空格局研究[J]. 复旦学报(自然科学版), 2011, 50(3):282-287, 295.[YE S S, XIA L D, FANG Y, et al. Study on temporal and spatial variation of soil fauna community in different natural vegetations of Lingang New City, Shanghai[J]. Journal of Fudan University (Natural Science), 2011, 50(3):282-287, 295.] [13] 高艳, 卜云, 栾云霞, 等. 城市新规划地土壤动物群落组成和多样性:以上海市世博会会址为例[J]. 生物多样性, 2007, 15(2):207-214.[GAO Y, BU Y, LUAN Y X, et al. Community composition and diversity of soil fauna in the land use of city planning:a case study in Shanghai World Exposition Site[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2007, 15(2):207-214.] [14] 尹文英. 中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1998.[YIN W Y. Pictorical Keys to Soil Animals of China[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1998.] [15] 郑乐怡, 归鸿. 昆虫分类[M]. 南京:南京师范大学出版社, 1999.[ZHENG L Y, GUI H. Insect Classification[M]. Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University Press, 1999.] [16] 殷秀琴. 东北森林土壤动物研究[M]. 长春:东北师范大学出版社, 2001.[YIN X Q. Study on Forest Soil Animals in the Northeast of China[M]. Changchun:Northeast Normal University Press, 2001.] [17] 易兰. 浙江天童受损常绿阔叶林的次生演替对土壤动物群落的影响[D]. 上海:华东师范大学博士学位论文, 2005.[YI L. Influences of secondary succession of the damaged evergreen broad-leaved forest on soil animal community in Tiantong, Zhejiang Province[D]. Shanghai:Doctor Dissertation of East China Normal University, 2005.] [18] 廖崇惠, 陈茂乾. 热带人工林土壤动物群落的次生演替和发展过程探讨[J]. 应用生态学报, 1990, 1(1):53-59.[LIAO C H, CHEN M Q. Secondary succession of soil animal community and its development process in tropical artificial forest[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 1990, 1(1):53-59.] [19] MOORE T R, TROFYMOW J A, TAYLOR B, et al. Litter decomposition rates in Canadian forests[J]. Global Change Biology, 1999, 5(1):75-82. [20] 张元明, 陈亚宁, 张小雷. 塔里木河下游植物群落分布格局及其环境解释[J]. 地理学报, 2004, 59(6):903-910.[ZHANG Y M, CHEN Y N, ZHANG X L. Plant communities and their interrelations with environmental factors in the lower reaches of Tarim River[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(6):903-910.] [21] 廖崇惠, 李健雄, 黄海涛. 南亚热带森林土壤动物群落多样性研究[J]. 生态学报, 1997, 17(5):549-555.[LIAO C H, LI J X, HUANG H T. Soil animal community diversity in the forest of the southern subtropical region, China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1997, 17(5):549-555.] [22] 刘新民, 杨劼. 干旱、半干旱区几种典型生境大型土壤动物群落多样性比较研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2005, 25(2):216-222.[LIU X M, YANG J. Comparison study for biodiversity of macro fauna community in arid and semi-arid region[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2005, 25(2):216-222.] [23] 黄旭, 张健, 杨万勤, 等. 川西亚高山林牧交错区土壤动物多样性[J]. 生态学报, 2010, 30(19):5161-5173.[HUANG X, ZHANG J, YANG W Q, et al. Soil fauna diversity of the subalpine forest-pasture ecotone in western Sichuan[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(19):5161-5173.] [24] 王移, 卫伟, 杨兴中, 等. 我国土壤动物与土壤环境要素相互关系研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(9):2441-2448.[WANG Y, WEI W, YANG X Z, et al. Interrelationships between soil fauna and soil environmental factors in China:research advance[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010, 21(9):2441-2448.] [25] 廖崇惠, 李健雄, 杨悦屏, 等. 海南尖峰岭热带林土壤动物群落-群落的组成及其特征[J]. 生态学报, 2002, 22(11):1866-1872.[LIAO C H, LI J X, YANG Y P, et al. The community of soil animal in tropical rain forest in Jianfengling mountain, Hainan Island, China.-composition and characteristics of community[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2002, 22(11):1866-1872.] [26] 朱永恒, 赵春雨, 王宗英, 等. 我国土壤动物群落生态学研究综述[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, 24(12):1477-1481.[ZHU Y H, ZHAO C Y, WANG Z Y, et al. Research on soil animal community ecology in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2005, 24(12):1477-1481.] [27] HASEGAWA M. The relationship between the organic matter composition of a forest floor and the structure of a soil arthropod community[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2001, 37(4):281-284. [28] 殷秀琴, 李建东. 羊草草原土壤动物群落多样性的研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 1998, 9(2):186-188.[YIN X Q, LI J D. Diversity of soil animals community in Leymus chinensis grassland[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 1998, 9(2):186-188.] [29] 王邵军, 阮宏华, 汪家社, 等. 武夷山典型植被类型土壤动物群落的结构特征[J]. 生态学报, 2010, 30(19):5174-5184.[WANG S J, RUAN H H, WANG J S, et al. Composition structure of soil fauna community under the typical vegetations in the Wuyi Mountains, China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(19):5174-5184.] [30] 颜绍馗, 汪思龙, 胡亚林, 等. 亚热带天然次生常绿阔叶林与杉木人工林土壤动物群落特征比较[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(10):1792-1796.[YAN S K, WANG S L, HU Y L, et al. A comparative study on soil fauna in native secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest and Chinese fir plantation forests in subtropics[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 15(10):1792-1796.] [31] 颜绍馗, 汪思龙, 于小军, 等. 桤木混交对杉木人工林大型土壤动物群落的影响[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2004, 10(4):462-466.[YAN S K, WNAG S L, YU X J, et al. Effect of mixtures with alders on soil fauna in plantation forest of Chinese fir[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2004, 10(4):462-466.] [32] 徐国良, 黄忠良, 欧阳学军, 等. 鼎湖山地表无脊椎动物多样性及其与凋落物的关系[J]. 动物学研究, 2002, 23(6):477-482.[XU G L, HUANG Z L, OUYANG X J, et al. Diversity of aboveground invertebrates in Dinghushan and its correlation with litter[J]. Zoological Research, 2002, 23(6):477-482.] [33] 殷秀琴, 张桂荣. 森林凋落物与大型土壤动物相关关系的研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 1993, 4(2):167-173.[YIN X Q, ZHANG G R. Correlation between forest litter and soll macroanimals[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 1993, 4(2):167-173.] [34] 余广彬, 杨效东. 不同演替阶段热带森林地表凋落物和土壤节肢动物群落特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2007, 15(2):188-198.[YU G B, YANG X D. Characteristics of litter and soil arthropod communities at different successional stages of tropical forests[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2007, 15(2):188-198.] [35] DE DEYN G B, RAAIJMAKERS C E, VAN RUIJVEN J, et al. Plant species identity and diversity effects on different trophic levels of nematodes in the soil food web[J]. Oikos, 2004, 106(3):576-586. [36] PÉREZ-HARGUINDEGUY N, DÍAZ S, CORNELISSEN J H C, et al. Chemistry and toughness predict leaf litter decomposition rates over a wide spectrum of functional types and taxa in central Argentina[J]. Plant and Soil, 2000, 218(1/2):21-30. [37] TIAN G, BRUSSAARD L, KANG B T, et al. Soil fauna-mediated decomposition of plant residues under constrained environmental and residue quality conditions[M]//CADISCH G, GILLER K E. Driven by Nature:Plant Litter Quality and Decomposition. Wallingford:CAB International, 1997:125-134. [38] 胡亚林, 汪思龙, 黄宇, 等. 凋落物化学组成对土壤微生物学性状及土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2005, 25(10):2662-2668.[HU Y L, WANG S L, HUANG Y, et al. Effects of litter chemistry on soil biological property and enzymatic activity[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(10):2662-2668.] |
[1] | 杨洋, 张玮, 潘宏博, 顾琬雯, 郝瑞娟, 熊春晖, 王丽卿. 滆湖轮虫群落结构及其与水环境因子的关系[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(06): 832-840. |
[2] | 李云良, 姚静, 张小琳, 张奇. 鄱阳湖水体垂向分层状况调查研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(06): 915-924. |
[3] | 胡俊, 郑金秀, 池仕运, 董方勇. 苏皖交界河网区浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子关系的研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(02): 282-288. |
[4] | 郭弘艺, 张旭光, 唐文乔, 李辉华, 沈林宏, 周天舒, 刘东. 长江靖江段刀鲚捕捞量的时间变化及相关环境因子分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(12): 1850-1859. |
[5] | 吕严凤, 蒋容, 鲜骏仁, 杨远祥, 杨占彪. 川中丘陵区柏木边坡防护林对相邻农田大型土壤动物群落的影响[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(08): 1299-1307. |
[6] | 于雪, 濮励杰, 许艳, 朱明. 1980~2010年江苏沿海城市土地利用变化及其与环境因子关系分析——以东台市为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(04): 537-543. |
[7] | 何勇凤, 李昊成, 王旭歌, 朱永久, 杨德国. 长湖鱼类群落结构的时空变化[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(02): 265-273. |
[8] | 徐建霞, 彭刚志, 王建柱. 三峡库区香溪河消落带植被多样性及分布格局研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(08): 1345-1350. |
[9] | 盛海燕, 姚佳玫, 何剑波, 刘明亮, 韩轶才, 虞左明. 浙江青山水库浮游植物群落结构变化及与环境因子的关系[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(06): 978-986. |
[10] | 简敏菲, 简美锋, 李玲玉, 汪斯琛, 余厚平, 余冠军. 鄱阳湖典型湿地沉水植物的分布格局及其水环境影响因子[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(05): 765-772. |
[11] | 禹 娜,陈立侨,赵泉鸿. 太湖介形类动物丰度与生物量[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2008, 17(4): 546-546. |
[12] | 屈 璠,刘 敏,侯立军,许世远,刘巧梅,欧冬妮. 潮汐循环影响下上覆水环境因子和氮营养盐的变化及其相关关系[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2007, 16(3): 345-345. |
|