长江流域资源与环境 >> 2016, Vol. 25 >> Issue (02): 171-179.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201602001
• 专家论坛 • 下一篇
杜耘1,2
DU Yun1,2
摘要： "生态优先、绿色发展"是国家对长江经济带建设和长江流域发展的最新明确的战略定位。本文分析了长江流域的区位优势及其地位和作用;从流域水资源和水环境总体特征、流域不同区段生态环境特征及主要问题、自然灾害、水利工程影响等不同方面梳理和讨论了长江流域生态环境现状及主要生态环境问题;基于以上分析讨论,提出长江流域生态环境建设中需重点关注的相关领域。
中图分类号:
| [1] 陈国阶. 长江流域经济发展优势与区域差异[J]. 地理科学, 1993, 13(4):307-314.[CHEN G J. On superiorities and regional differences of economic development of the Changjiang River valley[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1993, 13(4):307-314.] [2] 李红清, 李迎喜, 雷阿林, 等. 长江流域珍稀濒危和国家重点保护植物综述[J]. 人民长江, 2008, 39(8):17-24.[LI H Q, LI Y X, LEI A L, et al. Summary of rare and in imminent dangerous plants as well as the plants mainly protected by government in the Yangtze basin[J]. Yangtze River, 2008, 39(8):17-24.] [3] 朱诚, 吴立, 李兰, 等. 长江流域全新世环境考古研究进展[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(9):1268-1283.[ZHU C, WU L, LI L, et al. Research progress on Holocene environmental archaeology in the Yangtze River Valley, China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(9):1268-1283.] [4] 裘士京. 试论长江流域在我国古代文化发展中的地位[J]. 安徽师大学报(哲学社会科学版), 1982(2):66-69. [5] 笪浩波. 长江中游史前稻作农业的发展[J]. 农业考古, 2014(1):1-10. [6] 鲍超, 方创琳. 长江流域耕地-粮食-人口复合系统的动态分析及调控途径[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2007, 17(2):115-120.[BAO C, FANG C L. Dynamic analysis on the cultivated area-food-population complex system in the Yangtze River basin and its control approaches[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2007, 17(2):115-120.] [7] 王政祥, 徐高洪, 丁志立. 长江流域水资源评价[J]. 人民长江, 2011, 42(18):58-61.[WANG Z X, XU G H, DING Z L. Assessment on water resources of Yangtze River[J]. Yangtze River, 2011, 42(18):58-61.] [8] 谢小立, 易爱军, 刘新平. 长江流域商品粮基地建设与粮食安全策略[J]. 农业现代化研究, 1998, 19(6):342-345. [9] 陈印军, 李应中, 尹昌斌. 长江流域粮食生产的几大特点与几点建议[J]. 农业经济问题, 1998(5):6-10. [10] 段学军. 长江流域粮食产量影响因素灰色关联分析[J]. 农业系统科学与综合研究, 2000, 16(1):30-34, 39. [11] 长江年鉴编纂委员会. 长江年鉴[M]. 武汉:长江年鉴社, 2013. [12] 武素功. 长江源与长江上游环境治理与可持续发展对策[J]. 云南地理环境研究, 2000, 12(2):25-30.[WU S G. Counter-proposals for the environmental administration and sustainable development of the main source and upper reaches of the Changjiang River[J]. Yunnan Geographic Environment Research, 2000, 12(2):25-30.] [13] 刘建康, 曹文宣. 长江流域的鱼类资源及其保护对策[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 1992, 1(1):17-23.[LIU J K, CAO W X. Fish resources of the Yangtze River basin and the tactics for their conservation[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 1992, 1(1):17-23.] [14] 王凯. 中国主要旅游资源赋存的省际差异分析[J]. 地理学与国土研究, 1999, 15(3):69-74. [15] 刘雅鸣. 深入贯彻实施长江流域综合规划着力推进流域水生态文明建设[J]. 人民长江, 2013, 44(10):1-4.[LIU Y M. Deeply implementing the comprehensive planning of Yangtze River Basin, strenuously promoting the construction of water ecological civilization in the basin[J]. Yangtze River, 2013, 44(10):1-4.] [16] 雷静. 人类活动影响下长江流域水资源演变趋势及对策[J]. 人民长江, 2014, 45(7):7-10.[LEI J. Water resources evolution trend of Yangtze River Basin under influences of human activities and countermeasures[J]. Yangtze River, 2014, 45(7):7-10.] [17] 胡蝶. 长江中游城市群水资源保护利用探析[J]. 人民长江, 2014, 45(S2):42-44. [18] 段学军, 虞孝感, 邹辉. 长江经济带开发构想与发展态势[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(10):1621-1629.[DUAN X J, YU X G, ZOU H. Analysis on the development strategy and trend of Yangtze River economic belt[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2015, 24(10):1621-1629.] [19] 国家统计局, 国家环境保护总局. 中国环境统计年鉴[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2005. [20] 国家统计局, 环境保护部. 中国环境统计年鉴[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2013. [21] 张宁红, 黎刚, 郁建桥, 等. 太湖蓝藻水华暴发主要特征初析[J]. 中国环境监测, 2009, 25(1):71-74.[ZHANG N H, LI G, YU J Q, et al. Character of Blue-green algal blooms outbreak in Taihu Lake[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2009, 25(1):71-74.] [22] 郑度. 长江上游地区水土保持若干问题探讨[J]. 资源科学, 2004, 26(S1):1-6.[ZHENG D. Issues of soil and water conservation in upper reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Resources Science, 2004, 26(S1):1-6.] [23] 潘开文, 吴宁, 潘开忠, 等. 关于建设长江上游生态屏障的若干问题的讨论[J]. 生态学报, 2004, 24(3):617-629.[PAN K W, WU N, PAN K Z, et al. A discussion on the issues of the re-construction of ecological shelter zone on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 24(3):617-629.] [24] 刘照光, 包维楷, 吴宁, 等. 长江上游的生态环境问题、根源及其治理方略[J]. 世界科技研究与发展, 2000, 22(S1):32-35.[LIU Z G, BAO W K, WU N, et al. Ecological reconstruction in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River:environmental problems, degraded mechanism and rehabiltation methodology[J]. World Sci-Tech R & D, 2000, 22(S1):32-35.] [25] 李贤伟, 罗承德, 胡庭兴, 等. 长江上游退化森林生态系统恢复与重建刍议[J]. 生态学报, 2001, 21(12):2117-2124.[LI X W, LUO C D, HU T X, et al. Suggestions on restoration and reconstruction of degraded forest ecosystem in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2001, 21(12):2117-2124.] [26] 程更威. 森林变化:长江上游流域的水文影响[J]. AMBIO-人类环境杂志, 1999, 28(5):456-459.[CHENG G W. Forest change:hydrological effects in the upper Yangtze River Valley[J]. AMBIO-A Journal of the Human Environment, 1999, 28(5):456-459.] [27] 张玉玲, 吴宜进, 原惠绣. 长江流域生态安全与可持续发展研究[J]. 资源环境与发展, 2007(3):11-14. [28] 何毓容, 廖超林, 张保华. 长江上游人工林与天然林土壤结构质量及保水抗蚀性研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2005, 19(5):1-4.[HE Y R, LIAO C L, ZHANG B H. Study on soil structural quality and water conservation-antierodibility under plantation and natural forests in upper reaches of Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2005, 19(5):1-4.] [29] 崔鹏, 王道杰, 范建容, 等. 长江上游及西南诸河区水土流失现状与综合治理对策[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2008, 6(1):43-50.[CUI P, WANG D J, FAN J R, et al. Current status and comprehensive control strategies of soil erosion for the upper Yangtze and other rivers in the Southwestern China[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2008, 6(1):43-50.] [30] 刘震. 谈谈全国水土保持情况普查及成果运用[J]. 中国水土保持, 2013(10):4-7.[LIU Z. Discussion on national soil and water conservation survey and application of results[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2013(10):4-7.] [31] 张平仓, 丁文峰. 我国石漠化问题研究进展[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2008, 25(3):1-5.[ZHANG P C, DING W F. Review on rock desertification research in China[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2008, 25(3):1-5.] [32] 宋同清, 彭晚霞, 杜虎, 等. 中国西南喀斯特石漠化时空演变特征、发生机制与调控对策[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(18):5328-5341.[SONG T Q, PENG W X, DU H, et al. Occurrence, spatial-temporal dynamics and regulation strategies of karst rocky desertification in southwest China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(18):5328-5341.] [33] 宁茂岐, 赵佳, 熊康宁, 等. 贵州省长江流域和珠江流域石漠化时空格局分析[J]. 贵州农业科学, 2014, 42(2):39-42.[NING M Q, ZHAO J, XIONG K N, et al. Analysis on spatial and temporal pattern of karst rocky desertification of the Yangtze River Basin and Pearl River Basin in Guizhou[J]. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 42(2):39-42.] [34] Du Y, Xue H P, Wu S J, et al. Lake area changes in the middle Yangtze region of China over the 20th century[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2011, 92(4):1248-1255. [35] 方凤满, 金高洁, 高超. 巢湖水环境质量时空演变特征及成因分析[J]. 水土保持通报, 2010, 30(5):178-181, 220.[FANG F M, JIN G J, GAO C. Spatiotemporal characteristics of water environment and their causes in Chaohu Lake[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 30(5):178-181, 220.] [36] 王书航, 姜霞, 金相灿. 巢湖水环境因子的时空变化及对水华发生的影响[J]. 湖泊科学, 2011, 23(6):873-880.[WANG S H, JIANG X, JIN X C. Spatial-temporal variations of aquatic environmental factors and their influences to algal blooming in Lake Chaohu[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2011, 23(6):873-880.] [37] 陆桂华, 张建华. 太湖水环境综合治理的现状、问题及对策[J]. 水资源保护, 2014, 30(2):67-69, 94.[LU G H, ZHANG J H. Present status and problems of comprehensive treatment of water environment in Taihu Lake and countermeasures[J]. Water Resources Protection, 2014, 30(2):67-69, 94.] [38] 沈新强, 晁敏, 全为民, 等. 长江河口生态系现状及修复研究[J]. 中国水产科学, 2006, 13(4):624-630.[SHEN X Q, CHAO M, QUAN W M, et al. The current situation and restoration research of the Yangtze River estuarine ecosystem[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2006, 13(4):624-630.] [39] 赵健. 长江上游滑坡泥石流灾害及其预警与治理[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 1994(S1):411-413. [40] 丁俊, 魏伦武, 鄢毅, 等. 长江上游主要环境地质问题综合研究. 国家国土资源大调查项目研究成果报告[R]. 2010. [41] 崔鹏. 长江上游及西南诸河泥石流滑坡及其减灾对策[J]. 中国水土保持, 2008(12):31-34.[CUI P. Countermeasures for hazards reduction of mud flow and landslides of rivers in southwest and upper reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2008(12):31-34.] [42] 童广勤, 王翔俊, 石纲. 三峡水库地质灾害防治措施分析与建议[J]. 人民长江, 2011, 42(22):20-22, 41.[TONG G Q, WANG X J, SHI G. Analysis and strategies on prevention measures of geological disasters in the Three Gorges Reservoir area[J]. Yangtze River, 2011, 42(22):20-22, 41.] [43] 陈剑, 李晓, 杨志法. 三峡库区滑坡的时空分布特征与成因探讨[J]. 工程地质学报, 2005, 13(3):305-309.[CHEN J, LI X, YANG Z F. On the distribution and mechanism of landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir area[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2005, 13(3):305-309.] [44] 展望, 杨守业, 刘晓理, 等. 长江下游近代洪水事件重建的新证据[J]. 科学通报, 2010, 55(19):1908-1913.[ZHAN W, YANG S Y, LIU X L, et al. Reconstruction of flood events over the last 150 years in the lower reaches of the Changjiang River[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010, 55(21):2268-2274.] [45] 施雅风, 姜彤, 苏布达, 等. 1840年以来长江大洪水演变与气候变化关系初探[J]. 湖泊科学, 2004, 16(4):289-297.[SHI Y F, JIANG T, SU B D, et al. Preliminary analysis on the relation between the evolution of heavy floods in the Yangtze River catchment and the climate changes since 1840[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2004, 16(4):289-297.] [46] 许有鹏, 于瑞宏, 马宗伟. 长江中下游洪水灾害成因及洪水特征模拟分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2005, 14(5):638-643.[XU Y P, YU R H, MA Z W. Analysis on the cause of formation of flood disaster and flood characteristics in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2005, 14(5):638-643.] [47] 蔡述明, 雷慰慈, 关庆滔. 试论综合治理开发江汉平原之方略[J]. 科技进步与对策, 1998, 15(专辑):44-49. [48] 李必华, 刘百韬, 李正浩, 等. 江汉平原涝渍地域分异规律研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2003, 12(3):285-288.[LI B H, LIU B T, LI Z H, et al. Difference law of waterlogged region in Jianghan Plain with research on development strategy for different districts[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2003, 12(3):285-288.] [49] 陈进, 黄薇, 张卉. 长江上游水电开发对流域生态环境影响初探[J]. 水利发展研究, 2006, 6(8):10-13, 17. [50] 陈国阶. 长江水资源开发急需全局统筹[J]. 决策咨询, 2015(2):29-31, 81. [51] 王儒述. 三峡工程的环境影响及其对策[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2002, 11(4):317-322.[WANG R S. Environmental impact of TGP and its countermeasures[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2002, 11(4):317-322.] [52] 王学雷, 蔡述明, 任宪友, 等. 三峡库区湿地生态建设与保护利用[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2004, 13(2):149-152.[WANG X L, CAI S M, REN X Y, et al. Ecological construction and protection in the wetland region of Three-Gorge reservoir area[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2004, 13(2):149-152.] [53] Dai H C, Zheng T G, Liu D F. Effects of reservoir impounding on key ecological factors in the Three Gorges Region[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2010, 2:15-24. [54] 程辉, 吴胜军, 王小晓, 等. 三峡库区生态环境效应研究进展[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2015, 23(2):127-140.[CHENG H, WU S J, WANG X X, et al. Research progress on the effects of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the ecological environment[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2015, 23(2):127-140.] [55] 侯学煜. 论三峡工程对生态环境和资源的影响[J]. 生态学报, 1988, 8(3):283-288.[HOU X Y. Impacts of Three Gorges Project on the ecological environment and resources[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1988, 8(3):283-288.] [56] 杜耘, 蔡述明, 赵艳. 洞庭湖的演变、发展趋势及洪涝灾害分析[C]//中国科学院. 长江流域洪涝灾害与科技对策. 北京:科学出版社, 1999. [57] 张细兵, 卢金友, 王敏, 等. 三峡工程运用后洞庭湖水沙情势变化及其影响初步分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2010, 19(6):640-643.[ZHANG X B, LU J Y, WANG M, et al. Preliminary study on flow and sediment changing and influence on Dongting Lake after the Three Gorges Project operation[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2010, 19(6):640-643.] [58] 胡春宏, 王延贵. 三峡工程运行后泥沙问题与江湖关系变化[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2014, 31(5):107-116.[HU C H, WANG Y G. Sediment problems and relationship between river and lakes since the operation of Three Gorges Project[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2014, 31(5):107-116.] [59] 朱玲玲, 陈剑池, 袁晶, 等. 洞庭湖和鄱阳湖泥沙冲淤特征及三峡水库对其影响[J]. 水科学进展, 2014, 25(3):348-357.[ZHU L L, CHEN J C, YUAN J, et al. Sediment erosion and deposition in two lakes connected with the middle Yangtze River and the impact of Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2014, 25(3):348-357.] [60] 吴龙华. 长江三峡工程对鄱阳湖生态环境的影响研究[J]. 水利学报, 2007(S1):586-591.[WU L H. The study on effects of Three Gorge Project to environment of Poyang Lake[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2007(S1):586-591.] [61] 李忠武, 赵新娜, 谢更新, 等. 三峡工程蓄水对洞庭湖水环境质量特征的影响[J]. 地理研究, 2013, 32(11):2021-2030.[LI Z W, ZHAO X N, XIE G X, et al. Water environmental quality properties of Dongting Lake affected by construction of the Three Gorges Project[J]. Geographical Research, 2013, 32(11):2021-2030.] [62] 杨桂山. 三峡与南水北调工程建设及海平面上升对上海城市供水水质的可能影响[J]. 地理科学, 2001, 21(2):123-129.[YANG G S. Impacts of the construction of key water conservancy projects in the Yangtze River and sea level rise on water quality of Shanghai water intake[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2001, 21(2):123-129.] [63] 李键庸, 刘开平, 季学武. 南水北调东线调水对长江河口水资源的影响[J]. 人民长江, 2003, 34(6):8-10.[LI J Y, LIU K P, JI X W. Impact of east route project of South-to-North water transfer on water resources of the Yangtze River mouth[J]. Yangtze River, 2003, 34(6):8-10.] [64] 汪林, 甘泓, 赵世新, 等. 南水北调东、中线一期工程对受水区生态环境影响分析[J]. 南水北调与水利科技, 2009, 7(6):4-7, 53.[WANG L, GAN H, ZHAO S X, et al. Ecological and environmental impact analysis of first phase of South-to-North Water Transfer Project on water-recipient areas[J]. South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology, 2009, 7(6):4-7, 53.] [65] 裘诚. 长江河口盐水入侵对气候变化和重大工程的响应[D]. 上海:华东师范大学博士学位论文, 2014.[QIU C. The responses of saltwater intrusion to climate change and major projects in the Changjiang River estuary[D]. Shanghai:Doctor Dissertation of East China Normal University, 2014.] |
| [1] | 程建, 程久苗, 吴九兴, 徐玉婷. 2000~2010年长江流域土地利用变化与生态系统服务功能变化[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(06): 894-901. |
| [2] | 姜磊, 周海峰, 柏玲. 长江中游城市群经济-城市-社会-环境耦合度空间差异分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(05): 649-656. |
| [3] | 周毅, 吴华武, 贺斌, 李静, 段伟利, 王建锋, 童世贤. 长江水δ18O和δD时空变化特征及其影响因素分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(05): 678-686. |
| [4] | 潘欣, 尹义星, 王小军. 1960~2010年长江流域极端降水的时空演变及未来趋势[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(03): 436-444. |
| [5] | 徐明, 王晓芳, 高琦, 汪小康, 赖安伟. 基于TRMM卫星资料揭示的长江流域梅雨季节降水日变化[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(12): 1934-1944. |
| [6] | 邵骏, 欧应钧, 陈金凤, 郭卫. 基于水贫乏指数的长江流域水资源安全评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(06): 889-894. |
| [7] | 陈阿娇, 贺新光, 秦建新, 章新平. 长江流域近51a来日降水时空变异的多尺度特征[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(05): 794-803. |
| [8] | 潘鑫, 刘元波. 1983~2012年长江流域地表净辐射变化特征[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(03): 486-496. |
| [9] | 卢新海, 柯善淦. 基于生态足迹模型的区域水资源生态补偿量化模型构建——以长江流域为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(02): 334-341. |
| [10] | 胡振鹏, 黄晓杏, 傅春, 余达锦. 环鄱阳湖地区旅游产业-城镇化-生态环境交互耦合的定量比较及演化分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(12): 2012-2020. |
| [11] | 段学军, 虞孝感, 邹辉. 长江经济带开发构想与发展态势[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(10): 1621-1629. |
| [12] | 张雷, 鲁春霞, 李江苏. 中国大河流域开发与国家文明发育[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(10): 1639-1645. |
| [13] | 邹辉, 段学军. 长江经济带研究文献分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(10): 1672-1682. |
| [14] | 杨芳, 潘晨, 贾文晓, 刘敏, 义白璐, 象伟宁. 长三角地区生态环境与城市化发展的区域分异性研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(07): 1094-1101. |
| [15] | 白淑英, 顾海敏, 史建桥, 魏楚京. 近50 a长江流域暴雨日数时空变化分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(07): 1255-1262. |
|
