Abstract: To reveal the evolution characteristic of urban water environmental carrying capacity in Wuhan under the background of the Yangtze river economic belt strategy, so as to understand the carrying foundation of urban water environment in Wuhan through the process of the construction of the Yangtze river economic belt, This paper build up the assessment index system of urban water environmental carrying capacity (UWECC) was built up with 3 subsystems, including urban water environment, urban water pollution control and urban social economic carrying capacity. And then a much clearer definition and associated evaluation for UWECC in Wuhan were carried out based on structure entropy weight method and meansquared deviation weight decision method. The results show that: (1) UWECC of Wuhan was increasing in the period of 2004-2013 which means that the development of water resources, environment and ecosocial were coordinate during the past decades and there is a good foundation for water environment carrying in Wuhan. (2) The subsystems of the water environment and the urban water pollution control contribute more to the UWECC. (3) Water pollution control is the key to enhance the Wuhan water environmental carrying capacity. The water environment management in Wuhan should focus on the control of municipal sewage, and strengthen the construction and management of urban sewage treatment facilities in the future