南京城区黑臭河道底泥污染特征及生态风险评价

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201511015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 河道黑臭是目前我国许多城市面临的环境问题,研究其底泥中的污染物如有机质、氮磷和重金属的污染特征并据此进行生态风险评价,对城市黑臭河道的污染控制与生态修复具有十分重要的意义。选取南京城区内8条典型黑臭河道,采集其表层底泥样品进行分析,测得其中有机质、总氮、总磷的含量分别为0.75%～10.86%、0.05%～0.68%、0.04%～0.23%,三者之间呈显著正相关关系,表明了它们较好的同源性,应用沉积物质量标准评价发现,这3种污染物污染程度总体介于严重级与最低级之间,但氮磷的污染比有机质更为严重。底泥中6种重金属的平均含量均超过背景值,相关性分析结果表明Cu、Cr、Ni、Zn之间均呈极显著正相关关系,而重金属与营养物之间未发现较好的相关性,潜在生态风险评价结果表明底泥中重金属污染严重,84.2%的河道具有高潜在生态风险,各元素的潜在生态风险顺序依次为 Cd >Cu >Pb >Cr >Ni >Zn,Cd为主要污染物,具有很高潜在生态风险。与国内其他典型受污染水体相比,南京城区黑臭河道底泥中总氮、总磷与重金属Cd的污染更为严重。

关键词: 黑臭河道, 底泥, 污染特征, 生态风险, 评价

Abstract: Malodorous status of urban rivers is an environmental problem that occurs in many cities of our country. Study on the pollution characteristics of pollutants in sediment, such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals, together with the ecological risk assessment, is of great significance to the pollution control and ecological restoration of malodorous rivers. Eight typical malodorous rivers were chosen in Nanjing City. Their surface sediment samples were collected and analyzed. The result showed that the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus ranged from 0.75% to 10.86%, 0.05% to 0.68% and 0.04% to 0.23%, respectively. Significant positive correlations were found among these three pollutants, indicating that they were from the same pollution source. Assessed by the sediment quality standard, it can be known that the contents of these three pollutants were all between the severe level and the lowest level in general. While the pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus was more serious than that of organic matter. The mean contents of the six heavy metals in sediment were all higher than their background value. Extremely significant positive correlations were shown between Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn, while no good correlations were found among different heavy metals and nutrients. The result of potential ecological risk assessment indicates that the pollution of heavy metals in the sediment of malodorous rivers was serious and the potential ecological risk of 84.2% of the samples was high. The potential ecological risk of these elements was Cd>Cu>Pb>Cr>Ni>Zn in sequence. Cadmium was the key pollutant and had very strong ecological risk. Compared with other typical polluted water bodies in our country, the pollution of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and cadmium in the sediment of malodorous rivers in Nanjing City was more serious.

Key words: malodorous rivers, sediment, pollution characteristics, ecological risk, assessment

中图分类号:

X524

李继洲, 吴海旭, 姜万, 袁旭音, 刘斌武. 南京城区黑臭河道底泥污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(11): 1913-1919.

LI Ji-zhou, WU Hai-xu, JIANG Wan, YUAN Xu-yin, LIU Bin-wu. POLLUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENT FROM MALODOROUS RIVERS IN NANJING CITY[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2015, 24(11): 1913-1919.

参考文献

[1] 李继洲,牛城,嵇浩然,等.南京城区典型河道水体黑臭现状评价[J].徐州工程学院学报(自然科学版),2013,28(2):53-56.
[2] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[3] 吴光红,曹珊珊,于雅琴,等.天津典型水环境表层沉积物中营养盐含量及动态特征[J].环境科学,2009,30(3):726-732.
[4] MUDROCH A, AZCUE J M. Manual of Aquatic Sediment Sampling[M]. Boca Raton, Florida: Lewis Publishers, 1995: 194-200.
[5] 毛志刚,谷孝鸿,陆小明,等.太湖东部不同类型湖区疏浚后沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):186-193.
[6] HAKANSON L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research, 1980, 14(8): 975-1001.
[7] 中国科学院土壤背景值协作组.北京、南京地区土壤中若干元素的自然背景值[J].土壤学报,1979,16(4):319-328.
[8] 汤莉莉,牛生杰,徐建强,等.外秦淮河疏浚后底泥重金属污染与潜在生态风险评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(3):424-430.
[9] 叶宏萌,袁旭音,徐荆棘.南京近城市河流沉积物营养水平与磷形态的空间分布[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(10):1262-1267.
[10] 徐洪斌,吕锡武,俞燕,等.玄武湖底泥营养物释放的模拟试验研究[J].环境化学,2004,23(2):152-156.
[11] 孙映宏,张飞珍,杨艳艳,等.杭州市城区河道底泥污染特征分析[J].浙江水利科技,2012,183(5):4-6,14.
[12] 陈建军,黄民生,卢少勇,等.北京六湖水体和表层沉积物中氮污染特征与评价[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011(1):12-20.
[13] HUANG Y L, ZHU W B, LE M H, et al. Temporal and spatial variations of heavy metals in urban riverine sediment: An example of Shenzhen River, Pearl River Delta, China[J]. Quaternary International, 2012, 282: 145-151.
[14] 吴晓霞,黄芳,陈昌云.秦淮河底泥重金属污染评价[J].南京晓庄学院学报,2009,25(6):36-39.
[15] 邹丽敏,王超,冯士龙.玄武湖沉积物中重金属污染的潜在生物毒性风险评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(2):280-284.
[16] 张立,袁旭音,邓旭.南京玄武湖底泥重金属形态与环境意义[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(1):63-69.
[17] 马婷,赵大勇,曾巾,等.南京主要湖泊表层沉积物中重金属污染潜在生态风险评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2011,27(6):37-42.
[18] 赵大勇,王猛,曾巾,等.南京莫愁湖沉积物中重金属污染调查[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(5):520-524.
[19] 余世清,许文锋,王泉源.杭州城区河道底泥重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].四川环境,2011,30(4):36-43.
[20] 戴奇,李双,周忠良,等.上海城区河道底栖动物群落特征与沉积物重金属潜在生态风险[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(10):1985-1992.
[21] 王博,赵爽,夏敦胜,等.兰州市城区河道表层沉积物重金属污染及磁学参数相关关系研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(5):1430-1440.
[22] 李飞鹏,陈玲,张海平,等.巢湖市河流表层沉积物重金属污染和风险评价[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(12):1852-1856.
[23] MEI J L, LI Z C, SUN L H, et al. Assessment of heavy metals in the urban river sediments in Suzhou city, northern Anhui province, China[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2011, 10: 2547-2553.

相关文章 15

[1]	潘超, 周驰, 苗滕, 刘林峰, 高健, 焦一滢, 李祝, 张佳敏, 王卉君, 徐德雄. 长江流域鄂西四河流大型底栖动物群落结构特征及水质生物学评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2018, 27(11): 2529-2539.
[2]	杨洋, 张玮, 潘宏博, 顾琬雯, 郝瑞娟, 熊春晖, 王丽卿. 滆湖轮虫群落结构及其与水环境因子的关系[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(06): 832-840.
[3]	李杨, 李海东, 施卫省, 何俊德, 胡亚文. 基于神经网络的土壤重金属预测及生态风险评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(04): 591-597.
[4]	李智, 范琳芸, 张小林. 基于村域的乡村多功能类型划分及评价研究——以江苏省金坛市为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(03): 359-367.
[5]	向龙, 刘平辉, 杨迎亚. 华东某铀矿区稻米中放射性核素铀污染特征及健康风险评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(03): 419-427.
[6]	陈金月, 王石英. 岷江上游生态环境脆弱性评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(03): 471-479.
[7]	王秀, 王振祥, 潘宝, 周春财, 刘桂建. 南淝河表层水中重金属空间分布、污染评价及来源[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(02): 297-303.
[8]	陈诚, 林晨. 苏南地区耕地质量评价与分区保护研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(12): 1860-1869.
[9]	冷龙龙, 张海萍, 张敏, 李天科, 刘晓波, 渠晓东. 大型底栖动物快速评价指数BMWP在太子河流域的应用[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(11): 1781-1788.
[10]	姜海, 白璐, 雷昊, 赵海燕, 吴昊. 基于效果-效率-适应性的养殖废弃物资源化利用管理模式评价框架构建及初步应用[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(10): 1501-1508.
[11]	任俊霖, 李浩, 伍新木, 李雪松. 基于主成分分析法的长江经济带省会城市水生态文明评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(10): 1537-1544.
[12]	李文浩, 张萌, 门吉帅, 敖雪夫, 胡新艳, 欧阳珊, 吴小平. 江西仙女湖流域大型底栖动物群落结构及水质评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(08): 1218-1227.
[13]	闫思宇, 王景燕, 龚伟, 罗建跃, 苏黎明, 舒正悦, 赵昌平, 蔡煜. 川南山地林分变化对土壤物理性质和抗蚀性的影响[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(07): 1112-1120.
[14]	周天舒, 张亚, 唐文乔, 王丽卿. 基于鱼类完整性指数的黄浦江水生态系统评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(06): 895-903.
[15]	陆张维, 徐丽华, 吴亚琪. 基于适宜性评价的中心城区建设用地布局——以杭州市为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(06): 904-912.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed