长江流域资源与环境 >> 2016, Vol. 25 >> Issue (11): 1748-1758.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj2016011014
李云良1, 姚静1, 李梦凡1,2, 张奇1,3
LI Yun-liang1, YAO Jing1, LI Meng-fan1,2, ZHANG Qi1,3
摘要: 湖泊水流运动和污染物的迁移路径对湖泊水质起着关键作用。采用水动力和粒子示踪耦合模型,并结合野外粒子示踪实验来调查鄱阳湖洪水季节空间水流运动和污染物迁移路径。模拟结果显示,流域五河点源入湖污染物和湖区空间面源分布污染物均会沿着不同方向迅速进入湖泊主河道,在快速水流推动下逐渐向北部湖区迁移,但部分污染物因东北部湖湾区存在顺时针方向环流而发生长时间滞留和富集。野外粒子示踪实验同样表明,东北部湖湾区污染物迁移路径随着该湖区水流运动表现得复杂多变,除了可以明显观察到顺时针方向的污染物运动,还可以发现污染物向湖岸边界和湖汊迁移,最终滞留在东北部湖湾区,而康山湖区污染物在快速水流推动下主要沿主河道向西北主湖区迁移,未发现污染物进入东北部湖湾区的迹象。鄱阳湖洪水季节水流运动和污染物迁移路径具有枯水期水流-污染物传输特性。模拟得出鄱阳湖洪水期的平均换水周期约89 d,表明其可能需要近3个月时间才能彻底完成一次换水。研究成果可为大型通江湖泊“江湖关系变化”研究提供参考,对保护“一湖清水”、保障长江中下游水环境安全具有重要现实意义。
中图分类号:
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