鄱阳湖典型湿地沉水植物的分布格局及其水环境影响因子

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201505008

长江流域资源与环境 >> 2015, Vol. 24 >> Issue (05): 765-772.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201505008

鄱阳湖典型湿地沉水植物的分布格局及其水环境影响因子

简敏菲^1,2, 简美锋¹, 李玲玉¹, 汪斯琛¹, 余厚平², 余冠军³

1. 江西师范大学生命科学学院/江西省亚热带植物资源保护与利用重点实验室, 江西南昌 330022;
2. 江西师范大学鄱阳湖生态与流域研究教育部重点实验室, 江西南昌 330022;
3. 江西鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区管理局, 江西南昌 330009

收稿日期:2014-05-30 修回日期:2014-07-15 出版日期:2015-05-20
作者简介:简敏菲(1969~),女,教授,博士,主要从事鄱阳湖湿地生态过程与环境监测评价研究.E-mail:jianminfei0914@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41063003;41161035);国家科技部"十二五"科技支撑计划资助项目(2011BAC13B02);江西省科技支撑计划项目(20133BBG70005);江西省亚热带植物资源保护与利用重点实验室开放基金(YRD201312)

DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF SUBMERGED PLANTS IN TYPICAL WETLANDS OF POYANG LAKE AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS OF WATER ENVIRONMENT

JIAN Min-fei^1,2, JIAN Mei-feng¹, LI Ling-yu¹, WANG Si-chen¹, YU Hou-ping², YU Guan-jun³

1. College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Jiangxi Provincial Key Lab of Protection and Utilization of Subtropical Plant Resources, Nanchang 330022, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research , Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China;
3. Jiangxi Nanji Wetland National Nature Reserve Bureau, Nanchang 330009, China

Received:2014-05-30 Revised:2014-07-15 Online:2015-05-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 沉水植物是湖泊湿地生态系统中关键组分, 调查研究沉水植物分布格局及其水环境影响因子, 对于沉水植被的恢复与重建具有重要的指导意义。2013年5月初期分别对鄱阳湖典型湿地区域中有沉水植物的25个样地进行群落结构调查, 采用系统取样方法对沉水植物进行调查采样并监测水环境因子, 在野外调查的基础上运用GIS软件制作鄱阳湖典型区域沉水植物的生物量分布图, 并采用主成分分析(PCA)和典范对应分析(CCA)方法分析其主要影响因子。结果表明:鄱阳湖湿地沉水植物以苦草(Vallisneria natans)为广布种, 其中蚌湖及白沙湖以黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)为优势种, 白沙洲及乐安河龙口段以苦草为优势种, 伴生种主要有金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)、菹草(P.crispus)、小茨藻(Najas minor)、大茨藻(N.marina)、刺苦草(V.spinulosa)和水车前(Ottelia alismoides)等。采用双向指示种分析法将研究区沉水植物分为6个群落;5月初大部分沉水植物尚处于生长季初期, 生物量相对较低, 仅菹草的生物量较大;沉水植物与浮叶植物共存现象明显。主成分分析(PCA)结果显示, 第一主成分中水深、总磷和溶解氧等因子的系数值较大, 第二主成分中pH值、化学需氧量和水体透明度等因子的系数值较大, 是影响沉水植物分布的关键因子;典范对应分析(CCA)结果显示, 水深、总磷和总氮对苦草和黑藻的影响显著, 水体透明度是马来眼子菜的主要影响因子。

关键词: 鄱阳湖湿地, 沉水植物, 水环境因子, 双向指示种分析, 主成分分析, 典范对应分析

Abstract: Submerged macrophytes are the key component of lake ecosystems. Studying the distribution of submerged macrophytes and the influencing factors of water environment is of significance for the establishment of vegetation restoration strategies. Field surveys for submerged macrophytes were carried out at 25 different sites in typical wetlands of Poyang Lake in May, 2013. Systematic sampling was conducted within the field sites and the water environment factors concentration values were determined in the laboratory. The biomass distribution map of the submerge plants were derived based on the field investigation data by using GIS methods, and the main influencing factors were analyzed by using Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The results indicated that Vallisneria natans is one of the main submerged plants and the widespread species in the wetland of Poyang Lake. Hydrilla verticillata is the dominant species in Banghu Lake and Baishahu Lake, and V.natans is also the dominant species in Baishazhou Lake and Longkou Wetland. The major associated species included Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton malaianus, P.crispus, Najas minor, N.marina, V.spinulosa, and Ottelia alismoides. The submerged plant communities in the study areas were divided into six classes by Two-way indicator species sorting methods. Most submerged macrophytes were still in the initial stage of growth and the biomass was still relatively low in the early of May, only the biomass of P.crispus was relatively high. The phenomenon of submerged and floating-leaved plants coexisting in the study areas was obvious. The results from PCA showed that the large coefficients of the first principal components included water depth, total phosphorus, and dissolved oxygen, while the large coefficients of the second principal components included pH value, chemical oxygen demand, and water transparency, which were the key factors affected the distribution of submerged plants. The results from CCA showed that the effects of water depth, total phosphorus and total nitrogen on V.natans and H.verticillata were obvious, and water transparency was the main factor which affected P.malaianus.

Key words: Poyang Lake Wetland, Submerged Plants, Distribution Pattern, Water Environmental Factors, two way indicator species analysis ( TWINSPAN ), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA)

中图分类号:

X522

简敏菲, 简美锋, 李玲玉, 汪斯琛, 余厚平, 余冠军. 鄱阳湖典型湿地沉水植物的分布格局及其水环境影响因子[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(05): 765-772.

JIAN Min-fei, JIAN Mei-feng, LI Ling-yu, WANG Si-chen, YU Hou-ping, YU Guan-jun. DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF SUBMERGED PLANTS IN TYPICAL WETLANDS OF POYANG LAKE AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS OF WATER ENVIRONMENT[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2015, 24(05): 765-772.

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